Okan KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU, Muzaffer DÜGEL, Muharrem BALCI

Limnoecological relationships between water level fluctuations and Ostracoda (Crustacea) species composition in Lake Sünnet (Bolu, Turkey)

The ecological characteristics of ostracods in Lake Sünnet were monitored monthly between May 2005 and September 2007; 9 living and 5 subfossil ostracod taxa were recorded. Among the species, Ilyocypris getica was reported in Turkey for the first time, while Stenocypria fischeri was found for the second time in the country in 55 years. The most abundant species, Limnocythere inopinata, was collected in dry and wet months, while I. bradyi was the only species found in only the wet months. The 9 species clustered into 3 groups based on their ecological preference. Species composition and occurrences were closely related to the lake water level fluctuation, from 7 to 13 m within a year. These fluctuations played a significant role in changes in the physicochemical characteristics of the lake, along with ostracod species composition (P < 0.01). A strong negative correlation (P < 0.05) between precipitation and both ambient temperature and SO4 was also interpreted as the outcome of such fluctuations. The number of species corresponded with salinity changes. Most of the ostracod species appearing in Lake Sünnet were tolerant to the large water level fluctuation. These results correspond with the idea of 'pseudorichness,' when species composition is dominated by cosmopolitans over noncosmopolitans, an indication of low water quality in a lake. Changes in the lake have been accelerated by anthropogenic activities such as water diversions for chicken farms and agricultural fields during dry climatic conditions. The occurrence of these activities appears to have produced seasonal differences in the lake's water quality and species composition.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Ostracoda, Lake Sünnet, water level fluctuations, ecological tolerance, pseudorichness

Limnoecological relationships between water level fluctuations and Ostracoda (Crustacea) species composition in Lake Sünnet (Bolu, Turkey)

Keywords:

Key words: Ostracoda, Lake Sünnet, water level fluctuations, ecological tolerance, pseudorichness,

PDF

___

Abdüsselamoğlu, M.Ş. 1959. Almacık Dağı ile Mudurnu ve Göynük Civarının Jeolojisi (Geology of Mudurnu and Göynük Vicinity with Almacık Mountain). İstanbul University, Fen Fakültesi Monogrofileri 14.
Anadón, P., De Deckker, P. and Julia, R. 1986. The Pleistocene lake deposits of the NE Baza Basin (Spain): salinity variations and ostracods succession. Hydrobiologia 143: 199-208.
APHA. 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association.
Broodbakker, N.W. and Danielopol, D.L. 1982. The chaetotaxy of Cypridacea (Crustacea, Ostracoda) limbs: proposals for a descriptive model. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 52: 103-120.
Chen, X., Zong, Y., Zhang, E., Xu, J. and Li, S. 2001. Human impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin, China, with special reference to the impacts on the dry season water discharges into the sea. Geomorphology 41: 111-123.
Christensen, V.G. and Bergman, A.L. 2005. Hydrologic conditions and lake-level fluctuations at Long Lost Lake, 1939-2004, White Earth Indian Reservation, Clearwater County, Minnesota. US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations, Report 2005-5181, 18 pp.
Cohen, A.S., Dussinger, R. and Richardson, J. 1983. Lacustrine paleochemical interpretations based on eastern and southern African ostracodes. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 43: 129- 151.
Curry, B.B. 1999. An environmental tolerance index for Ostracodes as indicators of physical and chemical factors in aquatic habitats. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 148: 51-63.
Danışman, A.Z. 1938. Akarsular. Bolu. Döküman Aylık Mecmua 2: 6.
De Deckker, P. and Forester, R.M. 1988. The use of ostracods to reconstruct continental palaeoenvironmental records. In: Ostracoda in the Earth Sciences (eds. P. De Deckker, J.P. Colin and J.P. Peypouquet), Elsevier, New York, pp. 175-199.
Dügel, M., Külköylüoğlu, O. and Kılıç, M. 2008. Species assemblages and habitat preferences of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Lake Abant (Bolu, Turkey). Belg. J. Zool. 138: 50-59.
Fritz, S.C. 1990. Twentieth-century salinity and water-level fluctuations in Devils Lake, North Dakota: test of a diatom- based transfer function. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 1771-1781.
Griffiths, H.I., Reed, J.M., Leng, M.J., Ryan, S. and Petkovski, S. 2002. The recent palaeoecology and conservation status of Balkan Lake Dojran. Biol. Cons. 104: 35-49.
Hartmann, G. and Hiller, D. 1977. Beitrag zur Kenntis der Ostracodenfauna des Harzes und seines nördlichen Vorlandes (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Männchens von Candona candida). Jahre 125 Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Goslar, pp. 99-116.
Hiller, D. 1972. Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Ökologie Limnischer Ostracoden aus der Umgebung von Hamburg. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 40 (Suppl.): 400-497.
Hoşgören, M.Y. and Ekinci, D. 2004. A typical example to landslide dammed lakes: Sünnet Lake. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Coğrafya Bölümü. Coğrafya Dergisi 12: 1-11. (Abstract in English).
Jones, R.N., McMahon, T.A. and Bowler, J.M. 2001. Modelling historical lake levels and recent climate change at three closed lakes, Western Victoria, Australia (c. 1840-1990). J. Hydrol. 246: 159-180.
Juggins, S. 2003. C2 User Guide. Software for Ecological and Palaeoecological Data Analysis and Visualization. University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 69 pp.
Karakaş-Sarı, P. and Külköylüoğlu, O. 2007. Comparative ecology of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in two rheocrene springs (Bolu, Turkey). Ecol. Res. 23: 821-830.
Karan-Žnidaršič, T. and Petrov, B. 2007. Non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) of Banat district in Serbia. Hydrobiologia 585: 57- 66.
Kempf, E.K. 1986. Late quaternary environmental changes in the eastern Sahara (Libyan Desert) documented by an ostracode diagram. In: Changements Globaux en Afrique Durant le Quaternaire: Passé-Present-Futur. INQUA-ASEQUA Symposium International, Dakar, 21-28 April 1986. Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Paris, pp. 235-238.
Kiss, A. 2002. The Cladocera, Ostracoda and Copepoda fauna of the Fehér-tó (Fertő-Hanság National Park). In: The Fauna of the Fertő-Hanság National Park. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 245-248.
Kovach, W. 1998. MultiVariate Statistical Package, Version 3.0. Kovach Computer Services, Pentraeth, UK.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 1998. Freshwater Ostracoda and their quarterly occurrence in Şamlar Lake (İstanbul, Turkey). Limnologica 28: 229-235.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 1999. Seasonal distribution of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) in springs of Nevada. Geosound 35: 85-91.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 2003a. A new report on and the loss of Scottia pseudobrownianana Kempf, 1971 (Ostracoda) from a limnocrene spring in Bolu, Turkey. Crustaceana 79: 257-268.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 2003b. Ecology of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) from lakes and reservoirs in Bolu, Turkey. J. Freshwat. Ecol. 18: 343-347.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 2004. On the usage of Ostracoda (Crustacea) as bioindicator species in the different aquatic habitats in the Bolu region, Turkey. Ecol. Indicators 4: 139-147.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 2005a. Factors effecting Ostracoda (Crustacea) occurrence in Yumrukaya Reedbeds (Bolu, Turkey). Wetlands 25: 224-227.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 2005b. Ecological requirements of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) in two limnocrene springs (Bolu, Turkey). Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 41: 237-246.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 2005c. Ecology and phenology of freshwater ostracods in Lake Gölköy (Bolu, Turkey). Aquatic Ecology 39: 295-304.
Külköylüoğlu, O. 2007. Ostracod Pseudorichness: Is it real? In: European Ostracodologists Meeting (EOM VI)/19th International Senckenberg Conference, Frankfurt, Germany, 5- 7 September 2007. (Abstract).
Külköylüoğlu, O. and Dügel, M. 2004. Ecology and spatiotemporal patterns of Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Lake Gölcük (Bolu, Turkey). Arch. Hydrobiol. 160: 67-83.
Külköylüoğlu, O., Dügel, M. and Kılıç, M. 2007. Ecological requirements of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in a heavily polluted shallow lake, Lake Yeniçağa (Bolu, Turkey). Hydrobiologia 585: 119-133.
Külköylüoğlu, O. and Yılmaz, F. 2006. Ecological requirements of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in three types of springs in Turkey. Limnologica 36: 172-180.
Löffler, H. 1959. Zur Limnologie, Entomostraken- und Rotatorienfauna des Seewinkelgebietes (Burgenland, Österreich). Sitzungsber. Österr. Akad Wiss., Math.-Nat. KL., Abt. I 168: 315-362.
Löffler, H. 1964. Beitrage zur Kenntnis Der Entomostraken fauna burgenlandischer Brunnen und Quellen (sudliches Burgenland). Wiss. Arb. Burgenland Burgenl. Landesmus. Eisenstadt 31: 156-169.
Martín-Rubio, M., Rodriguez-Lazaro, J., Anadón, P., Robles, F., Utrilla, R. and Vázquez, A. 2005. Factors affecting the distribution of recent lacustrine Ostracoda from the Caicedo de Yuso-Arreo Lake (Western Ebro Basin, Spain). Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 225: 118-133.
Meisch, C. 2000. Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe. Süsswasserfauna von Mitelleuropa 8/3. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg.
Mezquita, F., Griffiths, H.I., Dominguez, M.I. and Lozana-Quilis, M.A. 2001. Ostracoda (Crustacea) as ecological indicators: a case study from Iberian Mediterranean brooks. Arch. Hydrobiol. 150: 545-560.
Mezquita, F., Roca, J.R., Reed, J.M. and Wansard, G. 2005. Quantifying species-environment relationships in non-marine Ostracoda for ecological and palaeoecological studies: examples using Iberian data. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 225: 93-117.
Mezquita, F., Sanz-Brau, A. and Miracle, M.R. 1996. New data on freshwater ostracod assemblages (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Cuenca (Central Spain). Bull. Soc. Nat. Luxemb. 97: 239-247.
Mischke, S. 2001. Mid and late Holocene palaeoenvironment of the lakes Eastern Juyanze and Sogo Nur in NW China, based on ostracod species assemblages and shell chemistry, PhD dissertation, Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, E 35, 131 pp.
Noe-Nygaard, N. and Heiberg, E.O. 2001. Lake-level changes in the Late Weichselian Lake Toldvede, Mon, Denmark: induced by changes in climate and base level. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 174: 351-382.
Nüchterlein, H. 1969. Freshwater Ostracods from Franconia: a contribution to the knowledge of systematic and ecology of ostracoda. Int. Revue Ges. Hydrobiology 54: 223-287.
Pieri, V., Caserini, C., Gomarasca, S., Martens, K. and Rossetti, G. 2007. Water quality and diversity of the recent ostracod fauna in lowland springs from Lombardy (northern Italy). Hydrobiologia 585: 79-87.
Roca, J.R. and Baltanás, A. 1993. Ecology and distribution of Ostracoda in Pyrenean springs. J. Crust. Biol. 13: 165-174.
Rossetti, G., Bartoli, M. and Martens, K. 2004. Limnological characteristics and recent ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of freshwater wetlands in the Parco Oglio Sud (Northern Italy). Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 40: 329-341.
Rossetti, G., Pieri, V. and Martens, K. 2005. Recent ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) found in lowland springs of the provinces of Piacenza and Parma (Northern Italy). Hydrobiologia 542: 287-296.
Rossi, V., Benassi, G., Veneri, M., Bellavere, C., Menozzi, P., Moroni A. and McKenzie, K.G. 2003. Ostracoda of the Italian ricefields thirty years on: new synthesis and hypothesis. J. Limnology 62: 1-8.
Scharf, B.W. 1998. Eutrophication history of Lake Arendsee (Germany). Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 140: 85-96.
Shornikov, E.I. and Trebukhova, Yu. A. 2001. Ostracods of brackish and freshwaters of southwestern coast of Peter the Great Bay. In: The State of Environment and Biota of the Southwestern Part of Peter the Great Bay and the Tumen River Mouth, Vol. 3, Dalnauka, Vladivostok pp. 56-84.
Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Barendregt, J.G. 1986. Weighted averaging of species indicator values: its efficiency in environmental calibration. Math. Biosci. 78: 57-72.
Usskilat, F. 1975. Untersuchungen am Oligohalinikum der Schlei: 2. Über die Ostracodengemeinschaften des Haddebyer und Selker Noores (Schlei). Kieler Meeresforschungen 31: 151-178.
Vesper, B. 1975. Ein Beitrag zur Ostracodenfauna Schleswig- Holsteins. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 72: 97-108.
Wetzel, R.G. and Likens, G.E. 2000. Limnological Analyses. Springer- Verlag, Berlin. 429 pp.
White, M.S., Xenopoulos, M.A., Hogsden, K., Metcalfe, R.A. and Dillon, P.J. 2008. Natural lake level fluctuation and associated concordance with water quality and aquatic communities within small lakes of the Laurentian Great Lakes region. Hydrobiologia 613: 21-31.
Wiche, G.J. 1998. Lake levels, streamflow, and surface-water quality in the Devils Lake area, North Dakota, through 1997. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet, FS-033-98, 4 pp.
Yılmaz, F. and Külköylüoğlu, O. 2006. Tolerance, optimum ranges, and ecological requirements of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Lake Aladağ (Bolu, Turkey). Ecol. Res. 21: 165- 173.