Life Cycle of Gammarus pulex (L.) in the River Yeşilırmak
Monthly sampling of Gammarus pulex for 45 months in the River Yeşilırmak showed that the mean seasonal population density increased to a maximum in summer, and then declined to the lowest level in winter. There was a consistent seasonal pattern of body length distributions, characterised by the arrival of a strong cohort of new juveniles in spring and early summer. The ovigerous adults were few in autumn, peaked around January to March, and were virtually absent from July to October. Estimated sex ratios obtained from the field in general seem to show that females predominated, except in summer.
Life Cycle of Gammarus pulex (L.) in the River Yeşilırmak
Monthly sampling of Gammarus pulex for 45 months in the River Yeşilırmak showed that the mean seasonal population density increased to a maximum in summer, and then declined to the lowest level in winter. There was a consistent seasonal pattern of body length distributions, characterised by the arrival of a strong cohort of new juveniles in spring and early summer. The ovigerous adults were few in autumn, peaked around January to March, and were virtually absent from July to October. Estimated sex ratios obtained from the field in general seem to show that females predominated, except in summer.
___
- Allan, J.D. and Malmqvist, B. 1989. Diel activity of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea) in a South Swedish stream: comparison of drift catches vs baited traps. Hydrobiologia. 179: 73-80.
- Barnard, J.L. and Barnard, C.M. 1983. Freshwater amphipoda of the world, Hayfield Associates, Mt. Vernon, Virginia
- Boddeke, R. 1982. The occurrence of winter and summer eggs in the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and the pattern of recruitment. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research. 16: 151-162.
- Bulnheim, H.P. 1978. Interaction between genetic, external and parasitic factors in sex determination of the crustacean amphipod Gammarus Meersuntersuchungen. 31: 1-33. wissenschaftliche
- Crane, M. 1994. Population characteristics of Gammarus pulex (L.) from five English streams. Hydrobiologia. 281: 91-100.
- Dahl, J. and Greenberg, L. 1996. Effects of habitat structure on habitat use by Gammarus pulex in artificial streams. Freshwater Biology. 36: 487-495.
- Duran, M. 2004. Estimating of growth rate of Gammarus pulex (L.) collected from the River Yeşilırmak (Turkey). Archiv für Hydrobiologie. 161: 553-559.
- Elliott, J.M. 2002. The drift distances and time spent in the drift by freshwater shrimps, Gammarus pulex, in a small stony stream, and their implications for the interpretation of downstream dispersal. Freshwater Biology. 47: 1403-1417.
- Elliott, J.M. 2005. Day-night changes in the spatial distribution and habitat preferences of freshwater shrimps, Gammarus pulex, in a stony stream. Freshwater Biology 50: 552-566.
- Glazier, D.S. 1991. The fauna of North American temperate cold spring: patterns and hypotheses. Freshwater Biologia. 26: 527-542.
- Havinga, B. 1930. Der granat Crangon vulgaris (Fabr.) in der hollandischen gewassern. J. du Con. Permanent Int. pour L’Exploration de la Mer. 5: 57-87.
- Henderson, P.A. and Holmes, R.H.A. 1987. On the population biology of the common shrimp Crangon crangon L. (Crustacea: Caridea) in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. Journal of Marine Biological Associate of the U.K. 67: 339-348.
- Hynes, H.B.N. 1955. The reproductive cycle of some British Freshwater Gammaridae. Journal of Animal Ecology. 24: 352-387.
- Hultin, L. 1971. Upstream movement of Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda) in a South Swedish stream. Oikos. 22: 329-347.
- Karaman, G.S. and Pinkster, S. 1977. Freshwater Gammarus species from Europe, North Africa and adjacent regions of Asia (Crustacea-Amphipoda). Part 1. Gammarus pulex-group and related species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde. 47: 1-97.
- Kelly, D.W., Dick, J.T.A. and Montgomery, W.I. 2002. The functional role of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda): shredders, predators, or both? Hydrobiologia. 485: 199-203.
- Kelly, D.W., Dick, J.T.A., Montgomery, W.I. and MacNeil, C. 2003. Differences in composition of macroinvertebrate communities with invasive and native Gammarus spp. Freshwater Biology. 48: 306-315.
- Lockwood, A.P.M. 1968. Aspects of the physiology of Crustacea, Oliver and Body, Edinburgh.
- Macan, T.T. and Mackereth, J.C. 1957. Notes on Gammarus pulex in the English Lake District. Hydrobiologia. 9: 1-12.
- Mortensen, E. 1982. Production on Gammarus pulex (L.) in a small Danish stream. Hydrobiologia. 87: 77-82.
- Wear, R.T. 1974. Incubation in British Decapoda Crustacea, and the effects of temperature on the rate and success of embryonic development. Journal of Marine Biological Associate of the U.K. 54: 745-762.
- Welton, J.S. 1979. Life-history and production of the amphipod Gammarus pulex in a Dorset chalk stream. Freshwater Biologia. 9: 263-285.
- Welton, J.S. and Clarke, R.T. 1980. Laboratory studies on the reproduction and growth of the amphipod, Gammarus pulex (L.). Journal of Animal Ecology. 49: 581-592.