Karyological data and meiosis of Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) (Gnaphosidae) and Thanatus imbecillus (L. Koch, 1878) (Philodromidae) from Turkey

In this study, karyotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) and Thanatus imbecillus (L. Koch, 1878) were investigated for the first time by examining mitotic and meiotic chromosomes obtained from gonad cells. The number and the sex chromosome system of D. praeficus and T. imbecillus males was 2n = 22 (X1X20) and 2n = 28 (X1X20), respectively. D. praeficus had 10 autosomal bivalents and 2 univalent sex chromosomes, and T. imbecillus had 13 autosomal bivalents and 2 univalent sex chromosomes during the first meiotic prophase and metaphase. Both species possessed acrocentric chromosomes in their karyotypes.

Karyological data and meiosis of Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) (Gnaphosidae) and Thanatus imbecillus (L. Koch, 1878) (Philodromidae) from Turkey

In this study, karyotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) and Thanatus imbecillus (L. Koch, 1878) were investigated for the first time by examining mitotic and meiotic chromosomes obtained from gonad cells. The number and the sex chromosome system of D. praeficus and T. imbecillus males was 2n = 22 (X1X20) and 2n = 28 (X1X20), respectively. D. praeficus had 10 autosomal bivalents and 2 univalent sex chromosomes, and T. imbecillus had 13 autosomal bivalents and 2 univalent sex chromosomes during the first meiotic prophase and metaphase. Both species possessed acrocentric chromosomes in their karyotypes.

___

  • Gnaphosidae, Drassyllus D. pumilus (C.L. Koch 1839)
  • D. praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) 22; a 22; a X 1 X 2 X 1 X 2 Kumbıçak et al., 2009 This study
  • Philodromidae, Thanatus T. formicinus (Clerck, 1757) T. meronensis Levy, 1977
  • T. imbecillus (L. Koch, 1878) 28; a 28; a 28; a X 1 X 2 X 1 X 2 X 1 X 2 Hackman, 1948 Gorlova et al., 1997 This study 2012), but only 1 Drassyllus species has been investigated cytogenetically (Table 2). The first chromosomal data of the genus Drassyllus were provided by Kumbıçak et al.
  • (2009), who reported 2n♂ = 22 in Drassyllus pumilus (C.
  • L. Koch, 1839). Their data are compatible with our results on D. praeficus. In the majority of gnaphosids studied previously, the karyotypes consist of acrocentric chromosomes and the sex chromosome system is X 1 X 2 0. The only exceptions are 2 unidentified Drassodes species and Urozelotes rusticus reported by Srivastava and Shukla (1986), which have an X0 system. According to our results, D. praeficus had acrocentric chromosomes and an X 1 X 2 0 sex chromosome system. It seems that the chromosome number and sex chromosome system are relatively conservative in the family Gnaphosidae. Despite the high diversity of philodromids, they are poorly known from the cytogenetic point of view. As of today, 15 species have been examined (Araujo et al., 2012).
  • Diploid chromosome numbers in Thanatus meronensis Levy, 1977 and Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757) are 2n♂ = 28 and the sex chromosome is X 1 X 2 0 (Hackman, 1948; Gorlova et al., 1997). In addition to this, the majority of species belonging to the genus Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 has 2n♂ = 28 (X 1 X 2 0). Our result for the diploid chromosome number of T. imbecillus was 2n = 28, which is compatible with the results of both Thanatus species studied so far (Hackman, 1948; Gorlova et al., 1997). Moreover, all 3 species exhibit similar karyotypes with the acrocentric chromosomes and the same sex chromosome system. By itself, the current knowledge is not sufficient to make comparisons about the cytogenetic characteristics of the genus Thanatus; therefore, new studies are needed. Acknowledgments
  • We are grateful to Assist. Prof. Dr. Recep Kara and Assist. Prof. Dr. Tülay Ezer (Niğde University, Arts and Science Faculty, Biology Department) and to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK, Project Number: 210T033) for providing support and equipment for taking photographs. We are also thankful to our anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions for improving the paper. References Araujo, D., Schneider, M.C., Paula-Neto, E. and Cella, D.M. 2012. The Spider Cytogenetic Database. www.arthropodacytogenetics. bio.br/spiderdatabase.
  • Gorlova, O.Y., Gorlov, I.P., Nevo, E. and Logunov, D.V. 1997.
  • Cytogenetic studies on seventeen spider species from Israel. Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc. 10(7): 249–252. Hackman, W. 1948. Chromosomenstudien an Araneen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Geschlechtschromosomen. Acta Zool. Fenn. 54: 1–101.
  • Kumbıçak, Z., Ergene, S. and Saygıdeğer, S. 2009. Chromosomal data on six araneomorph spiders belonging to the families
  • Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Zool. Middle East 48: 89–96. Levan, A., Fredga, K. and Sandberg, A.A. 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52(2): 201– 2
  • Mittal, O.P. and Singh, A. 1984. Karyotype of a spider, Philodromus sp. (Thomisidae). Chromos. Inform. Serv. 36: 20–22.
  • Platnick, N. 2012. The World Spider Catalog, Version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/iz/ spiders/catalog.
  • Srivastava, S.C. and Shukla, S. 1986. Chromosome number and sex determining mechanism in forty-seven species of Indian spiders. Chromos. Inform. Serv. 41: 23–26.
  • Suzuki, S. 1952. Cytological studies in spiders II. Chromosomal investigation in twenty-two species of spiders belonging to the four families, Clubionidae, Sparassidae, Thomisidae and Oxyopidae, which constitute Clubionoidea, with special reference to sex chromosomes. J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. Ser. B. Div. 13: 1–52.
  • Traut, W. 1976. Pachytene mapping in the female silkworm Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera). Chromosoma 58(3): 275–284.
Turkish Journal of Zoology-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0179
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Gammarus baysali sp. nov., a new freshwater amphipod species from Turkey (Amphipoda: Gammaridae)

Murat ÖZBEK, Levent YURGA, Okan KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU

Cooccurrence and food niche overlap of two common predators (red fox Vulpes vulpes and common buzzard Buteo buteo) in an agricultural landscape

Lukasz JANKOWIAK, Piotr TRYJANOWSKI

Comparison of two morphometric methods for discriminating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Turkey

Ayça ÖZKAN KOCA, İrfan KANDEMİR

Two new mite species of the genus Raphignathus Dugés (Acari: Raphignathidae) from Turkey

Güldem DÖNEL, Salih DOĞAN

Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Azarbaijan, Iran

Ahmad ATAMEHR

Comparative analyses of past population dynamics between two subterranean zokor species and the response to climate changes

Lizhou TANG, Long YU, Weidong LU, Junjie WANG, Mei MA, Xiaodong SHI

Harpactea ballarini sp. nov., a new dysderid (Araneae, Dysderidae) spider from Turkey

Kadir Buğaç KUNT, Recep Sulhi ÖZKÜTÜK, Mert ELVERİCİ

Contributions to the knowledge of Agathidinae fauna of the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey

Özlem ÇETİN ERDOĞAN

Morphometric and allozymic differences between Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus (Aves: Passeriformes) subpopulations in a large wetland and a small pond in central Anatolia, Turkey

Fulya SAYGILI, Nuri YİĞİT, Pınar ÇAM, Duygu YÜCE

Growth and reproduction of brown comber (Serranus hepatus Linnaeus, 1758) in the central Aegean Sea, Turkey

Ozan SOYKAN, Akın Türker İLKYAZ, Gülnur METİN, Hasan Tuncay KINACIGİL