Cytogenetic characteristic of the Caucasian pygmy shrew ( Sorex volnuchini ) and Levant mole ( Talpa levantis ) (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla) in northern Anatolia, Turkey
Cytogenetic characteristic of the Caucasian pygmy shrew ( Sorex volnuchini ) and Levant mole ( Talpa levantis ) (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla) in northern Anatolia, Turkey
The karyotype of the Caucasian pygmy shrew (Sorex volnuchini) consists of 2n = 40 NFa = 54. The X chromosome ismetacentric and the Y chromosome is large acrocentric. In the chromosome set, there are six metacentric/submetacentric, one largesubtelocentric, one small metacentric, and 11 acrocentric autosomal chromosome pairs. C-negative and C-positive heterochromatinband regions are determined in the karyotype. NORs were localized in the secondary constriction in autosomal pair no. 17 ofSorexvolnuchini . The diploid number of the Levant mole ( Talpa levantis ) is 2n = 34, NFa = 64. The X chromosome is medium size andmetacentric. The Y chromosome is the smallest chromosome in the karyotype. There are 10 pairs of metacentric, three submetacentric,and three subtelocentric chromosomes in the chromosome set and X is metacentric and Y is acrocentric. In the karyotype, NOR islocated in the secondary constriction region of chromosome no. 8.
___
- Aslan A, Zima J (2014). Karyotypes of the mammals of Turkey and neighbouring regions: review. Folia Zool 63: 1-62.
- Biltueva L, Perelman PL, Polyakov VA, Zima J, Dannelid E, Borodin MP, Graphodatsky SA (2000). Comparative chromosome analysis in three Sorex species S. raddei , S. minutus and S. caecutiens . Acta Theriol 45. Suppl. 1: 119-130.
- Biluteva L, Vorobieva N, Perelman P, Trifonov V, Volobouev V, Panov V, Ilyashenko V, Onischenko S, OBrein P, Yang F et al. (2011). Karyotype evolution of Euliphotypha (Insectivora): the genome homology of seven Sorex species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and banding data. Cytogenet Genome Res 135: 51-64.
- Caperta AD, Neves N, Viegas W, Pikaard S, C, Preuss S (2007). Relationships between transcription, silver staining, and chromatin organization of nucleolar organizers in Secale cereale. Protoplasma 232: 55-59.
- Cazaux B, Catalan J, Veyrunes F, Douzery JPE, Davidian-Britton J (2011). Are ribosomal DNA clusters rearrangement hotspots? A case study in the genus Mus (Rodentia, Muridae). Evol Biol 11: 124.
- Colangelo P, Bannikova A, Krystufek B, Lebedev VS, Annesi F, Capanna L (2010). Molecular systematics and evolutionary biogeography of the genus Ta l p a (Soricomorpha: Talpidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 55: 372-380.
- Davidian-Britton J, Cazaux B, Catalan J (2012). Chromosomal dynamics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the house mouse: micro-evolutionary insights. Heredity 108: 68-74.
- Dobigny G, Costaz-Ozouf C, Bonillo C, Volobouev V (2002). Ag- NORs are not always true NORs: new evidence in mammals. Cytogenet Genome Res 98: 75-77.
- Ford CE, Hamerton JL (1956). A colchicine, hypotonic citrate, squash sequence for mammalian chromosomes. Stain Technol 31: 247-251.
- Fumagalli L, Taberlet P, Stewart D, Ludovic G, Hausser J, Vogel P (1999). Molecular phylogeny and evolution of Sorex shrews (Soricidae: Insectivora) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 11: 222-235.
- Godpasture C, Bloom SE (1975). Visualisation of molecular organiser regions in mammalians chromosomes using silver staining. Chromosoma 53: 37-50.
- Gornung E, Volleth M, Capanna E , Castiglia R (2008). Comparative cytogenetics of moles (Eulipotyphla, Talpidae): chromosomal differences in Talpa romana and T. europaea . Cytogenet Genome Res 121: 249-254.
- Howell WM, Black DA (1980). Controlled silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: a 1-step method. Experientia 36: 1014-1015.
- Hutterer R (2005). Order Soricomorpha. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, editors. Mammals Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, third ed. Baltimore, MD, USA: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 220-311.
- Jimenez R, Burgos M, Diaz De La Guardia R (1984). Karyotype and chromosome banding in the mole ( Talpa occidentalis ) from the South-East of the Iberian Peninsula. Implications on its taxonomic position. Caryologia 37: 253-258.
- Kawada S, Harada M, Grafodatsky AS, Oda S (2002). Cytogenetic study of the Siberian mole, Talpa altaica (Insectivora: Talpidae) and karyological relationships with in the genus Ta l p a. Mammalia 66: 53-62.
- Kefelioğlu H, Gençoğlu S (1996). Karadeniz Bölgesi Ta l p a larının (Mammalia: Insectivora) taksonomisi ve yayılışı. Turk J Zool 20: 57-66.
- Krystufek B, Vohralík V (2001). Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus, Introduction, Checklist, Insectivora. Koper, Slovenia: Knjižnica Annales Majora.
- Macholan M (1996). Chromosomal and allozyme characterization of the Caucasian shrew, Sorex satunini , from north-eastern Turkey. Hereditas 125: 225-231.
- Rao VB, Ghosh K, Mohanty D (2005). Nucleolar organising region evaluation using new NOR FISH probe. Indian J Hum Genet 11: 44-46.
- Reumer JWF (1987). Redefinition of the Soricidae and the Heterosoricidae (Insectivora, Mammalia), with the description of the Crocidosoricinae, a new subfamily of Soricidae. Rev Paleobiol 6: 189-192.
- Sanchez A, Jimenez R, Burgos M, Stitou S, Zurita F, Guardia R (1995). Cytogenetic peculiarities in the Algerian hedgehog: silver stains not only NORs but also heterochromatic blocks. Heredity 75: 10-16.
- Seabright M (1971). A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet 2: 971-972.
- Sözen M, Matur F, Çolak F, Irmak S (2012). Karyological characteristics, morphological peculiarities, and a new distribution locality for Talpa davidiana (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) in Turkey. Turk J Zool 36: 806-813.
- Stepinski D (2013). Nucleolar chromatin organization at different activities of soybean root meristematic cell nucleoli. Protoplasma 250: 723-730.
- Summer AT (1972). A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Expl Cell Res 75: 304-306.
- Volleth M, Müller S (2006). Zoo-FISH in the European mole ( Ta l p a europaea) detects all ancestral Boreo-Eutherian human homologous chromosome associations. Cytogenet Genome Res 115: 154-157.
- Wojcik MJ, Ratkiewicz M, Searle B (2002). Evolution of the common shrew Sorex araneus : chromosomal and molecular aspect. Acta Theriol 47 Suppl. 1: 139-167.
- Yannic G, Basset P, Hausser J (2008). A new perspective on the evolutionary history of western European Sorex araneus group revealed by paternal and maternal molecular markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 47: 237-250.
- Zima J, Lukáčová L, Macholán M (1998). Chromosomal evolution in shrews. In: Wójcik JM, Wolsan M, editors. The Evolution of Shrews. Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bialowieza 175-218.
- Zima J, Slivková L, Andreas M, Benda P, Reiter A (1997). Karyotypic status of shrews (Sorex) from Thrace, European Turkey. Z. Säugetierkd 62: 315-317.
- Zurita F, Jimenez R, Burgos M, Guardia D (1998). Sequential silver staining and in situ hybridization reveal a direct association between rDNA levels and the expression of homologous nucleolar organizing regions: a hypothesis for NOR structure and function. J Cell Sci 111: 1433-1439.
- Zurita F, Sanchez A, Burgos M, Jimenez R, Guardia D (1997). Interchromosomal, intercellular and interindividual variability of NORs studied with silver staining and in situ hybridization. Heredity 78: 229-234.