The effect of dietary oils of vegetable origin on the performance, body composition and fatty acid profiles of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) juveniles

Bu araştırmada balık yağı yerine farklı bitkisel yağlarla beslenen levrek balıklarının vücut yağı kompozisyonu ve büyüme performansı incelenmiştir. Yemleme deneyleri başlangıç ağırlığı 7,58 ± 0,13 g olan 600 adet levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) balığı ile sürdürülmüştür. Deney yemlerine sırasıyla balık yağı, soya yağı, ayçiçek yağı ve zeytin yağı ilave edilmiştir. Kimyasal analizlerde toplam ham yağ %12,33 ± 0,24 ve toplam ham protein %57,42 ± 0,31 bulunmuştur. Yağ asidi analizlerine göre balık yağı içeren yemlerde EPA (%7,57) ve DHA (%11,91), soya yağı içeren yemlerde linolenik asit (%5,50) ve zeytin yağı içeren yemlerde oleik asit (%62,69) diğer yemlerdekinden daha yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, linoleik asit (18:2n-6) soya yağı içeren yemlerde %40,66, ayçiçek yağı içeren yemlerde %44,58 ve mısır yağı içeren yemlerde %45,57 oranında bulunmuştur (P < 0,05). Yemleme deneylerinin sonunda, en iyi canlı ağırlık artışı değeri ve en iyi yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO) balık yağı içeren yemle beslenen gruptan elde edilmiştir (P < 0,05). Bununla birlikte canlı ağırlık artışı ve YYO mısır yağı içeren yemlerde diğerlerinden daha düşük düzeyde bulunmuştur. Yemleme deneylerinin sonunda balık karkasındaki ham yağ analizlerine göre; balık yağı ilave edilen diyetle beslenen balıklarda, karkastaki yağ değeri en yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur. Tüm vücuttaki yağ asidi analizlerinde en yüksek EPA ve DHA değerleri balık yağı ilave edilen yemlerle beslenen balıklarda bulunmuştur. Linolenik asit (18:3n-3) ve linoleik asit (18:2n-6) soya yağı ilave edilen yemle beslenen balıklarda en yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur ve oleik asit (18:ln-9) zeytin yağı ilave edilen diyetle beslenen balıklarda en yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur, istatistiksel analizlerde, canlı ağırlık artışı, karkastaki yağ miktarı ve deney gruplarındaki yağ asidi kompozisyonları önemli derecede farklı bulunmuştur (P < 0,05).

Diyette yer alan bitkisel yağların levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) yavrularında büyüme performansı, vücut kompozisyonu ve yağ asidi profiline etkisi

Abstract: Body fat composition and growth performance of sea bass juveniles fed with different kinds of vegetable oils instead of fish oil were studied. Feeding trials were carried out with 600 sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles with on initial live weight of 7.58 ± 0.13 g. Experimental feeds contained fish oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil and olive oil. In the chemical analyses of the experimental feeds, total crude fat was 12.33 ± 0.24% and total crude protein was 57.42 ± 0.31%. According to fatty acid analyses EPA (7.57%) and DHA (11.91%) in the feed containing fish oil, linolenic acid (5.50%) in the feed containing soybean oil and oleic acid (62.69%) in the feed containing olive oil were found in higher levels than in the other feeds. However, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) levels were 40.66% in soybean oil, 44.58% in sunflower oil and 45.57% in corn oil added feeds (P < 0.05). At the end of the feeding trials, the highest live weight gain and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) were achieved with feed containing fish oil. However, live weight gain and FCR were present in lower levels in the feed containing corn oil than in the other feeds (P < 0.05). According to the crude fat analyses of the fish carcasses at the end of the feeding trials, the highest carcass fat values were in the fish fed fish oil added diets. In the fatty acids analyses of the whole fish bodies, higher values of EPA and DHA were found in the fish fed fish oil added diets than in the others. Linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) levels were higher in the fish fed soybean oil added feeds than in the others, and oleic acid (18:ln-9) was present in higher levels in the fish fed olive oil added feeds than in the others. In the statistical analyses, the live weight gain and carcass fat content and fatty acid composition in the experimental groups were significantly different (P < 0.05).

PDF

___

1. Watanabe, T.: Nutrition and Growth in Intensive Fish Farming. (Edited by Shepherd C.J. and Bromage, N.R.). BSP Professional Books. Oxford, 1996; 154-198.
2. Yıldız, M., Şener, E.: Effect of dietary supplementation with soybean oil, sunflower oil or fish oil on the growth of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758). Proceedings of the Workshop of the CIHEAM Network on Technology of Aquaculture in the Mediterranean (TECAM), Jointly Organized by CIHEAM, FAO and 1EO Mazarron (Spain), 24-26 June 1996. Sci. Eds. A. Tacon, B. Basurco. 1997:225-233.
3. Goddard, S.: Feed Management in Intensive Aquaculture. USA, 1996; 194.
4. Steffens, W.: Effects of variation in essential fatty acids in fish feeds on nutritive value of freshwater fish for humans. Aquaculture, 1997; 151: 97-119.
5. Sargent, J.R., Mcevoy, L.A., Bell, J.G. : Requirements, presentation and sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine fish larval feeds. Aquaculture, 1997; 155: 117-127.
6. Sargent, J., Bell, G., Mcevoy, L, Tocher, D., Estevez, A.: Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture, 1999; 177 : 191-199.
7. Mourente, G., Rodriguez, A., Tocher, D.R., Sargent, J.R.: Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) on lipid and fatty acid composition and growth in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) larvae during first feeding. Aquaculture, 1993; 112: 79-98.
8. Koven, W.M., Tandler, A., Sklan, D., Kissil, G.W.: The association of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the main phospholipids of different-age Sparus aurata larvae with growth. Aquaculture, 1993; 116: 71-82.
9. Bessonart, M., Izquierdo, M.S., Salhi, M., Hernandez-Cruz, CM., Gonzalez, M.M., Fernandez-Palacios, H.: Effect of dietary arachidonic acid levels on growth and survival of gilthead sea bream {Sparus aurata) larvae. Aquaculture, 1999; 179: 265-275.
10. Sargent, J., Mcevoy, L, Estevez, A., Bell, G., Bell, M., Henderson, J., Tocher, D.: Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development: current status and future directions. Aquaculture, 1999; 179: 217-229.
11. Asturiano, J.F., Sorbera, L.A., Carillo, M., Zanuy, S., Ramos, J., Navarro, J.C., Bromage, N.: Reproductive performance in male European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) fed two PUFA- enriched experimental diets: A comparison with males fed a wet diet. Aquaculture, 2001; 194: 173-190.
12. Mourente, G., Tocher, D.R.: Incorporation and metabolism of Re¬ labelled polyunsaturated fatty acids in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in vivo. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. Kugler Publications, Amsterdam, New York. 1993; 10: 443-453.
13. Rainuzzo, J.R., Reitan, K.I., Olsen, Y.: The significance of lipids at early stages of marine fish: A review. Aquaculture, 1997; 155: 103-115. 14. Bruce, M., Oyen, F., Bell, G., Austrians, J.F., Farndale, B., Carrillo, M., Zanuy, S., Ramos, J., Bromage, N.: Development of broodstock diets for the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with special emphasis on the importance of ln-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acid to reproductive performance. Aquaculture, 1999:177:85-97.
15. Barnabe, G.: Rearing Bass and Gilthead Bream in Aquaculture, Vol. II. Ed. by Barnabe, G., Ellis Harwood, London. 1990; 647-687.
16. Atay, D.: Deniz Balıkları ve Üretim Tekniği (2. Baskı). Ankara Univ. Ziraat Fakültesi No, 1352, Ders Kitabı, 392, Ankara. 1994; 291-302.
17. Alpbaz, A.G.: Deniz Balıkları Yetiştiriciliği (2. Baskı). Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları No: 20. E.Ü. Basımevi, Bornova, İzmir. 1996; 295-322.
18. Çelikkale, M.S., Düzgüneş, E., Okumuş, İ.: Türkiye Su Ürünleri Sektörü. Potansiyeli, Mevcut Durumu, Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri. İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayın No: 1999-2, 1999; 119-125.
19. Peres, H., Oliva-Teles, A.: Effect of dietary Iipid level on growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass Juveniles {Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 1999; 179: 325-334.
20. Lanari, D., Poli, B.M., Ballestrazzi, R., Lupi, P., D'Agaro, E., Mecatti, M.: The effects of dietary fat and NFE levels on growing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L). Growth rate, body and fillet composition, carcass traits and nutrient retention efficiency. Aquaculture, 1999; 179: 351-364.
21. Perez, L, Gonzalez, HL, Jover, M., Fernandez-Carmona, J.: Growth of European sea bass fingerlings (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed extruded diets containing varying levels of protein, Iipid and carbohydrate. Aquaculture, 1997; 156: 183-193.
22. Ricker, W.E.: Growth Rates and Models. Fish Physiology, Vol. 8, Eds Hoar W.S, Randall DJ and Brett J.R, Academic Press, New York, 1979.
23. AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis (16th Edition) Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Vols. I and II 4th Revision. Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1998.
24. Folch, J., Lees, M., Sloane Stanley, G.H.: A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, j Biol. Chem. 1957; 226: 497-509.
25. Christie, W.W.: Lipid Analysis. Pergamon, Oxford, England, 1993 26. Zar, J.H.: Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, 1984; 718.
27. Özdamar, K.: Tıp Biyoloji Eczacılık ve Diş Hekimliği Öğrencileri için SPSS ile Biyoistatistik. 3. Baskı. Kaan Kitapevi. Eskişehir, 1999. 1+454.
28. Alexis, M.N.: Fish meal and oil repliers in Mediterranean marine fish diets. Proceedings of the Workshop of the CIHEAM Network on Technology of Aquaculture in the Mediterranean (TECAM), Jointly Organized by CIHEAM, FAO and IEO Mazarron (Spain), 24-26 June 1996. Sci. Eds. A. Tacon, B. Basurco. 1997; 183-204.
29. Ballestrazzi, R., Lanari, D., D'agaro, E.: Performance, nutrient retention efficiency, total ammonia and reactive phosphorus excretion of growing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) as affected by diet processing and feeding level. Aquaculture, 1998; 161: 55-65.
30. Ibeas, C, Cejas, J., Gomez, T., Jerez, S., Lorenzo, A.: Influence of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids levels on juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) growth and tissue fatty acid composition. Aquaculture, 1996; 142: 221-235.
31. Sargent, J.R., Henderson, R.J., Tocher, D.R.: The Lipids. In; Halver, J. (Ed.), Fish Nutrition, Academic Press, NY. 1989; 153-218.
32. Ibeas, C, Rodriguez, C, Badia, P., Cejas, J.R., Santamaria, F.J., Lorenzo, A.: Efficacy of dietary methyl esters of n-3 HUFA vs. triacylglycerols of n-3 HUFA by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) juveniles. Aquaculture, 2000; 190: 273-287.
33. Ballestrazzi, R., Lanari, D.: Growth, body composition and nutrient retention efficiency of growing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) fed fish oil or fatty acid Ca salts. Aquaculture, 1996; 139: 101-108.