Diagnosis of postretinal blindness caused by intracranial disease in three dogs
Diagnosis of postretinal blindness caused by intracranial disease in three dogs
In this report, we provide clinical information on the diagnosis of postretinal blindness in veterinary ophthalmology. We havediagnosed three dogs with postretinal blindness (bilateral in one case and in the left eye in two cases). The electroretinogram resultswere normal and the optic axis was relatively clear in all cases. Our findings indicate that the reason for the blindness in these dogswas an intracranial lesion. Fundus photography did not reveal any significant changes, except in the optic disc. A normal optic disc, anoptic disc that appeared to be smaller than that in the other eye, and a severely hyperemic and edematous optic disc were seen in cases1, 2, and 3, respectively. On magnetic resonance imaging, two dogs had optic chiasm lesions (one a tumor, one inflammation) and theremaining dog had inflammation in the right optic tract and occipital lobe even though bright flash electroretinograms were normal.Magnetic resonance imaging and electroretinography can be used as diagnostic tools for detection and localization of central nervoussystem lesions in the visual pathways.
___
- 1. Seruca C, Rodenas S, Leiva M, Pena T, Anor S. Acute
postretinal blindness: ophthalmologic, neurologic, and
magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs and cats (seven
cases). Vet Ophthalmol 2010; 13: 307-314.
- 2. Martin CL. Evaluation of patients with decreased vision or
blindness. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2001; 16: 62-70.
- 3. Ekesten B. Ophthalmic examination and diagnostics, Part 4:
Electrodiagnostic evaluation of vision. In: Gelatt KN, Gilger
BC, Kern TJ, editors. Veterinary Ophthalmology. 5th ed.
Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2013. pp. 684-702.
- 4. Ito Y, Maehara S, Itoh Y, Hayashi M, Kubo A, Itami T, Ishizuka
T, Tamura J, Yamashita K. Effect of sevoflurane concentration
on visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation in dogs. J
Vet Med Sci 2015; 77: 155-160.
- 5. Armour MD, Broome M, Dell’Anna G, Blades NJ, Esson
DW. A review of orbital and intracranial magnetic resonance
imaging in 79 canine and 13 feline patients (2004–2010). Vet
Ophthalmol 2011; 14: 215-226.
- 6. Bagley RS, Moore MP, Baszler TV, Harrington ML, Tucker RL,
Gavin PR. Pupillary abnormalities in three dogs with postretinal
nervous system lesions. 1995; 5: 138-142.
- 7. Busse C, Dennis R, Platt SR. Suspected sphenoid bone
osteomyelitis causing visual impairment in two dogs and one
cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2009; 12: 71-77.
- 8. Rossmeisl JH Jr, Rohleder JJ, Pickett JP, Duncan R, Herring IP.
Presumed and confirmed striatocapsular brain infarctions in
six dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2007; 10: 23-36.
- 9. Daniel GB, Mitchell SK. The eye and orbit. Clin Tech Small
Anim Pract 1999; 14: 160-169.
- 10. Grahn BH, Stewart WA, Towner RA, Noseworthy MD.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the canine and feline eye, orbit,
and optic nerves and its clinical application. Can Vet J 1993; 34:
418.
- 11. Morgan RV, Ring RD, Ward DA, Adams WH. Magnetic
resonance imaging of ocular and orbital disease in 5 dogs and
a cat. Vet Radiol & Ultrasound 1996; 37: 185-192.
- 12. Seruca C, Rodenas S, Leiva M, Pena T, Anor S. Acute
postretinal blindness: ophthalmologic, neurologic, and
magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs and cats (seven
cases). Vet Ophthalmol 2010; 13: 307-314.
- 13. Munana KR, Luttgen PJ. Prognostic factors for dogs with
granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: 42 cases (1982–
1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212: 1902-1906.
- 14. Boretius S, Gadjanski I, Demmer I, Bahr M, Ciem R, Michaelis
T. MRI of optic neuritis in a rat model. Neuroimage 2008; 41:
323-334.