Yaşar KARAKURT, Ramazan TOSUN, Civan ÇELİK, Damla GÜVERCİN, Sercan ÖNDER, Sulhattin YAŞAR, Burak BARAN

Chemical, enzymatic, and antioxidant enrichments of full-fat soybean and sunflower meal by Bacillus subtilis (ATCC® 6633™) fermentation using a solid-state bioreactor

This study was conducted to fortify nutritional and chemical composition of sunflower meal (SFM) and full-fat soybean(FFSB) used as a protein source in farm animal nutrition by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 fermentation. An optimized set of fermentationparameters (60% moisture, 6.5–7.0 pH, 30–35 °C temperature, continuous aeration of 0.5–1.0 L/min and agitation of 20–100 rpm) wereused to ferment SFM and FFSB samples with or without using bacterial inoculant for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results indicated that thetotal organic acids (TOA) contents and crude ash (CA) of SFM and FFSB increased significantly, but there were significant reductionsin dietary fiber (DF) components (acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)) in both feed samples. Moreover,urease activity, trypsin inhibitors (TI), and phytic acid (PA) contents of both feed samples reduced by 50%, 35%, and 79%, respectively.Total flavonoid level reduced by 30% in FFSB samples, but remained unchanged in SFM samples. The levels of tannin in FFSB andSFM decreased significantly. Although there were no significant changes in the activities of amylase, celulase, and beta-glucanase; theprotease and phytase activities increased significantly. The total phenolic compounds content and the antioxidant activities of FFSB andSFM samples increased significantly. In conclusion, the fermented FFSB (F-FFSB) and fermented SFM (FSFM) had lowered the levels ofADF, NDF, tannin, TI, urease activity, and PA but they were remarkably enriched with organic acids, enzymes, and antioxidants. Thesefeed materials could be used as functional feed additives or feed materials in farm animal nutrition.

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