Cadmium affects the development of somites in chick embryos ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) under in vitro conditions
Cadmium is one of the most toxic metals that has high environmental stability and can hardly be converted into substances
of low toxicity. In the present study, the effects of cadmium on the development of somites of chick embryos under in vitro conditions
were investigated. First, fertilized eggs were incubated until they reached the stage of 15?20 somites. The embryos were then separated
from the yolk by using the window technique. The somites were separated by insulin needles under a stereomicroscope. The separated
somites were then transferred to Dulbecco?s modified Eagle?s medium (DMEM) stock culture and treated with different concentrations
of cadmium nitrate (0, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ng/mL). After 72 h, the diameter of the nucleus, cell morphology, and extracellular
matrix compounds were examined. Our results indicated that cadmium disrupted the developmental process of the somites. The
microscopic studies of the somites, based on a histological technique, indicated that cadmium induced apoptosis in somite cells and
also decreased the chondrogenesis and collagen synthesis. Therefore, somites are considered suitable temporary embryonic organs and
interesting models for basic developmental study under in vitro conditions. Moreover, it might be possible to use somites in vitro for
studying the effects of trace elements on living organisms.
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