Measuring awareness about child abuse and neglect: Validity and reliability of a newly developed tool-child abuse and neglect awareness scale

In this study, we aimed at determining child abuse and neglect awarenessof medical students attending one of the top medical schools in Turkey. Thestudy group comprised 350 third-year medical students at Gazi University,School of Medicine, Ankara. The items in the scale were prepared by twoexperienced pediatricians and revised according to feedback received fromtwo pilot studies and experts in this field of study. A 20-item “Child Abuseand Neglect Awareness” scale (CANA-S) was developed by an expert panel.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. We alsomeasured test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Conformity for factoranalysis of the scale’s construct validity revealed a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampleconcordance coefficient of 0.799. For the Bartlett Sphericity test, χ2 valuewas 1157.750 (p

___

1. Child Maltreatment Surveillance: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2008. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ violenceprevention/pdf/cm_surveillance-a.pdf Accessed on: 14th November 2015.

2. Sexual Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements, Version 2.0. Atlanta (GA): National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 2014. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ violenceprevention/pdf/sv_surveillance_definitionsl2009-a.pdf Accessed on: 14th November2015.

3. Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-4): Report to Congress. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2010. Available at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ opre/nis4_report_congress_full_pdf_jan 2010 Accessed on: 2nd January 2016.

4. Sofuoğlu Z, Oral R, Aydın F, et al. Epidemiological study of negative childhood experiences in three provinces of Turkey. Turk Pediatri Ars 2014; 49: 47-56.

5. Huber A, McMahon CA, Sweller N. Efficacy of the 20-week circle of security intervention: Changes in caregiver reflective functioning, representations, and child attachment in an Australian clinical sample. Infant Ment Health J 2015; 36: 556-574.

6. Pickering JA, Sanders MR. Reducing child maltreatment by making parenting programs available to all parents: A case example using the triple P-positive parenting program. Trauma Violence Abuse 2016; 17: 398-407.

7. Damashek A, Balachova T, Bonner B. Training competent psychologists in the field of child maltreatment. J Clin Psychol 2011; 67: 752-757.

8. Heck NC, Saunders BE, Smith DW. Web-based training for an evidence-supported treatment: Training completion and knowledge acquisition in a global sample of learners. Child Maltreat 2015; 20: 183-192.

9. Raja S, Rajagopalan CF, Kruthoff M, Kuperschmidt A, Chang P, Hoersch M. Teaching dental students to interact with survivors of traumatic events: Development of a two-day module. J Dent Educ 2015; 79: 47-55.

10. University of Iowa Department of Public Health. Training for Identifying and Reporting Abuse. Available at: http://idph.iowa.gov/abuse-ed-review. Accessed on: 1st January 2017.

11. University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work. Child Welfare Education and Research Programs. Available at: www.reportabusepa.pitt.edu. Accessed on: 3rd January 2017.

12. Bernstein DP, Ahluvalia T, Pogge D, Handelsman L. Validity of the childhood trauma questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 340-348.

13. Uslu RI, Kapci EG, Yildirim R, Oney E. Sociodemographic characteristics of Turkish parents in relation to their recognition of emotional maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 2010; 34: 345-353.

14. Fujimoto M, Hirose T, Nakayama T, Okawa H, Takigawa I. Measuring Japanese mothers' perception of child abuse: Development of a Japanese version of the child abuse blame scale –physical abuse (CABS-PA- J). Biopsychosoc Med 2007; 1: 14.

15. Karadag SC, Sonmez S, Dereobali N. An investigation of preschool teachers’ recognition of possible child abuse and neglect. J Interpers Violence 2015; 30: 873-891.

16. Giovannoni J, Becerra R. Defining child abuse. New York: The Free Press, 1979.

17. Neale JM and Liebert RM. Science and behavior: An introduction to methods of research (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

18. Nunnaly JC. Psychometric theory (2nd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.

19. Paris SG, Winograd PW. How metacognition can promote academic learning and instruction. In: Jones BJ and Idol L (ed). Dimensions of thinking and cognitive instruction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990: 15-51.

20. Garner R, Alexander PA. Metacognition: Answered and unanswered questions. Educational Psychologist 1989; 24: 143-158.

21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, 2015. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/ childmaltreatment/prevention.html. Accessed on: 15th June 2015)

22. Sencan H. Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölcümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik. In: Sencan H (ed.) Guvenilirlik (1st ed). Ankara: Seckin, 2005:11-36.

23. Streiner DL and Norman GR. Health measurement scales. A practical guide to their development and use. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

24. Cortina JM. What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. J Appl Psychol 1993; 78: 98-104.

25. Keszei AP, Novak M, Streiner DL. Introduction to health measurement scales. J Psychosom Res 2010; 68: 319-323.

26. Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951; 16: 297-334.

27. Tonmyr L, Draca J, Crain J, MacMillan HL. Measurement of emotional/psychological child maltreatment: A review. Child Abuse Negl 2011; 35: 767-782.

28. Pierce L, Bozalek V. Child abuse in South Africa: An examination of how child abuse and neglect are defined. Child Abuse Neglect 2004; 28: 817-832.

29. Segal U. Child abuse in India: An empirical report on perceptions. Child Abuse Negl 1992; 16: 887-908.

30. Polat S, Tasar A, Ozkan S. Perceptions and attitudes of mothers about child neglect in Turkey. Infants Young Children 2010; 23: 122-131.
Turkish Journal of Pediatrics-Cover
  • ISSN: 0041-4301
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1958
  • Yayıncı: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Çocuk Sağlığı Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

An asthmatic child with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

Öner ÖZDEMİR

Apolipoprotein E allelic variants and cerebral palsy

Evren GÜMÜŞ, Beyhan DURAK ARAS, Oğuz ÇİLİNGİR, Coşkun YARAR, Kürşat Bora ÇARMAN, Sibel LAÇİNER GÜRLEVİK, Ozan KOÇAK, Sevilhan ARTAN

Changes of primary headache related white matter lesions in pediatric patients

Erhan BAYRAM, Uluç YİŞ, Cem PAKETÇİ, Derya OKUR, İpek POLAT, Handan ÇAKMAKÇI, Semra HIZ, Banu ANLAR

Changes in trajectories of physical growth in a domestic adoptees sample: A preliminary study

Pietro FERRARA, Costanza CUTRONA, Chiara GUADAGNO, Maria Elisa AMODEO, Ester Del VESCOVO, Francesca IANNİELLO, Tommasangelo PETİTTİ

Aluminum exposure in premature babies related to total parenteral nutrition and treatments

Hilal Özkan, Bayram Ali Dorum, Nilgün Köksal, Emre Aşut

Measuring awareness about child abuse and neglect: Validity and reliability of a newly developed tool-child abuse and neglect awareness scale

Hüsniye ALTAN, Işıl İrem BUDAKOĞLU, Figen ŞAHİN DAĞLI, Resmiye ORAL

Evaluation of autonomic nervous system functions in frame of heart rate variability in children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission

Helen Aghdasi BORNAUN, Günsel KUTLUK, Gonca KESKİNDEMİRCİ, Kazım ÖZTARHAN, Reyhan DEDEOĞLU, Nuh YILMAZ, Öykü TOSUN

Determinants of childhood diarrhea among under-five year old children in Nigeria: A population-based study using the 2013 demographic and health survey data

Anselm S. BERDE, Sıddika Songül YALÇIN, Hilal ÖZCEBE, Sarp ÜNER, Özge KARADAĞ ÇAMAN

Radiological nodule behavior: A critical parameter in the surgical management of pediatric pulmonary metastases

Emre DİVARCI, Serkan ARSLAN, Zafer DÖKÜMCÜ, Mehmet KANTAR, Bengü DEMİRAĞ, Haldun ÖNİZ, Yeşim ERTAN, Hüdaver ALPER, Ata ERDENER, Coşkun ÖZCAN

Percutaneous embolization of congenital portosystemic venous shunt in an infant with respiratory distress

Hasan Yüksel, Serdar Tarhan, Fatih Düzgün, Fatoş Alkan, Şenol Coşkun