We aimed to describe the long-term prognosis of white matter lesions detectedon magnetic resonance imaging in children with primary headache. Childrenwho were admitted with the complaint of headache and had nonspecific whitematter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. Theclinical findings of the patients were reinvestigated using the same magneticresonance imaging scanner and acquisition protocol after at least a two yearperiod. Magnetic resonance imaging results of the patients were documentedin detail. Findings of the baseline and follow-up studies were compared witheach other by the same radiologist. Among the 11 patients, 8 ( 72.7%) weremale and 3 (27.3%) were female. Mean age of patients at the time of secondimaging was 12.9±2.3 years. Eight (72.7%) had migraine without aura, 1 (9.1%)had tension-type headache and 2 (18.2%) had migraine with aura. The meanclinical follow-up period of the patients was 4.31±1.31 years. All patients hadlow headache frequency on the last control visit when compared to the firstclinical findings. The follow-up magnetic resonance imaging studies showedtwo newly developed white matter lesions in two patients who had migrainewithout aura and the white matter lesions disappeared in the patient who hadtension-type headache, compared to the baseline neuroimaging. Findings ofthe baseline and long-term follow-up magnetic resonance imaging studies ofthe patients with primary headache showed no significant changes in termsof the location, size and laterality. Repeated neuro-imaging studies are notwarranted in the absence of the progression in clinical findings.
___
1. Mortimer MJ, Kay J, Jaron A. Epidemiology of headache and childhood migraine in an urban general practice using Ad Hoc, Vahlquist and IHS criteria. Dev Med Child Neurol 1992; 34: 1095-1101.
2. Cooney BS, Grossman RI, Farber RE, Goin JE, Galetta SL. Frequency of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with migraine. Headache 1996; 36: 616-621.
3. Eidlitz-Markus T, Zeharia A, Haimi-Cohen Y, Konen O. MRI White matter lesions in pediatric migraine. Cephalalgia 2013; 33: 906-913.
4. Kurth T, Mohamed S, Maillard P, et al. Headache, migraine, and structural brain lesions and function: Population based Epidemiology of Vascular AgeingMRI study. BMJ 2011; 342: c7357.
5. Kruit MC, Launer LJ, Ferrari MD, van Buchem MA. Infarcts in the posterior circulation territory in migraine. The population-based MRI CAMERA study. Brain J Neurol 2005; 128(Pt 9): 2068-2077.
6. Bayram E, Topcu Y, Karaoglu P, Yis U, Cakmakci Guleryuz H, Kurul SH. Incidental white matter lesions in children presenting with headache. Headache 2013; 53: 970-976.
7. Brna PM, Dooley JM. Headaches in the pediatric population. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2006; 13: 222-230.
8. Swartz RH, Kern RZ. Migraine is associated with magnetic resonance imaging white matter abnormalities: A meta-analysis. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 1366-1368.
9. Bashir A, Lipton RB, Ashina S, Ashina M. Migraine and structural changes in the brain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2013; 81: 1260-1268.
10. Gaist D, Garde E, Blaabjerg M, et al. Migraine with aura and risk of silent brain infarcts and white matter hyperintensities: An MRI study. Brain 2016; 139(Pt 7): 2015-2023.
11. Trauninger A, Leel-Ossy E, Kamson DO, et al. Risk factors of migraine-related brain white matter hyperintensities: An investigation of 186 patients. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 97-103.
12. Kruit MC, Launer LJ, Ferrari MD, van Buchem MA. Brain stem and cerebellar hyperintense lesions in migraine. Stroke 2006; 37: 1109-1112.
13. Erdelyi-Botor S, Aradi M, Kamson DO, et al. Changes of migraine-related white matter hyperintensities after 3 years: A longitudinal MRI study. Headache 2015; 55: 55-70.