Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with thyroid disorders

Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with thyroid disorders

The study was designed to evaluate IL-6 and TNF-a levels and to examine their relationship in 27 patients with hyperthroidism, 23 with hypothyroidism, and 18 with normal thyroid functions. Mean serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in patients with untreated hyperthyroidism were higher than those of control group (p

___

  • 1. Watson PF, Pickerill AP, Davies R,Weetman AP. Semi-quantitative analysis of interleukin -1a ,interleukin -6 and interleukin-8 mRNA expression by human thyrocytes . J Mol Endocrinol 15: 11-21, 1995. 2. Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Buchan G, Chantry D. Analysis of intrathyroidal cytokine production in thyroid autoimmune disease. Thyroid follicular cells produce interleukin-1a and interleukin-6. Clin Exp Immunol 77: 324-330, 1989. 3. Le J, Vilcek J. Biology of disease. Interleukin 6: A multifunctional cytokine regulating immune reactions and the acute phase protein response. Lab Invest 61: 588, 1989. 4. Beagley KW, Eldridge JH, Lee F, Kiyono H, Everson MP, Koopman WJ, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, McGhee JR. Interleukins and IgA synthesis. Human and murine interleukin 6 induce hygh rate IgA secretion in IgA-committed B cells. J Exp Med 169: 2133, 1989. 5. Van Snick J, Vink A, Cayphas S, Uyttenhove C. Interleukin-HP1, a T cell-derived hybridoma growth factor that supports the in vitro growth ofmurine plasmasytomas. J Exp Med 165: 641, 1987. 6. Lotz M, Jirik F, Kabouridis P, Tsokuas C, Hirano T , Kishimoto T, Carson DA. B cells stimulating factor 2 / interleukin 6 is a costimulant for human thymocytes and T lymphocytes. J Epx Med 167: 1253, 1988. 7. Gauldie J , Richards C, Harnish D, Lansdrop P, Baumann H. Interferon beta 2/B-cell stimulatory factor type 2 shares identity with monocyte-derived hepatocyte-stimulating factor and regulates the major acute phase protein response in liver cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 84: 7251, 1987. 8. Wong GG, Witek-Giannotti JS, Temple PA, Kriz R, Ferenz C, Hewick RM, Clarck SC, Ykebuchi K, Ogawa M. Stimulation of murine hemopoietic colony formation by human IL-6. J Immunol 140: 3040, 1988. 9. Chiu C-P, Lee F. IL-6 is a differentiation factor for M1 and WEHI-3B myeloid leukemic cells . J Immunol 142: 1909, 1989. 10. Helle M, Brakenhoff JPJ, DeGroot ER, Aarden LA. Interleukin-6 is involved in interleukin 1-induced activities. Eur J Immunol 18: 957, 1988. 11. Chen L, Mory Y, Zilberstein A, Revel M. Growth in inhibitionof human breast carcinoma and leukemia / lymphoma cell lines by recombinant interferonbeta2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8037, 1988. 12. Woloski BMRNJ, Smith EM, Meyer WJ III, Fuller GM, Blalock JE. Corticotropin-releasing activity of monokines. Science 230: 1035, 1985. 13. Beutler B, Cerami A. Cachectin and tumour necrosis factor as two sides of the same biological coin. Nature 320 : 584-588, 1986. 14. Fischer E, Marano M, Van Zee K, Rock C, Hawes A, Thomas W, De Forge L, Kenney J, Remick D, Bloedow D. IL-1 receptor blockade improves survival and hemodynamic performance in escherichia coli septic shock, but fails to alter host responses to sublethal endotoxemia. J Clin Invest. 89: 1551- 1557, 1992. 15. Creasey A.A, Stevens P. Kenney J, Allison A.C, Warren K, Catlett R, Hinshaw L and Taylor F.B.Jr. Endotoxin and cytokine profile in plasma of baboons challenged with lethal and sublethal Escherichia coli. Circ Shock 33: 84, 1991. 16. Shalaby M. R, Waage A, Aarden L and Espevik T. Endotoxin tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin- 1 induce interleukin- 6 production in vivo. Clin Immunopathol 53 : 488, 1989. 17. Jirik F, Podon T, Hronoj T, Kishimoto T, Loskutoff D, Carson D and Latz M. Bacterial lipopolyasaccharide and inflamatory mediators augment IL-6 secretion by human endothelial cells. J Immunol 142: 144, 1989. 18. Nawroth PP, Banks I, Handley D. Tumor necrosis factor / cachectin interacts with endothelial cell receptors to induce release of interleukin 1. J Exp Med 163: 1363-1375, 1986. 19. Bonavida B, Paubert M, Hosford D. The involvement of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced monocyte activation and tumor necrosis factor production in shock. Prog Clin Biol Res 308: 485-9, 1989. 20. Bone RC. A critical evaluation of new agents for the treatment of sepsis. JAMA 266: 1686-1691, 1991. 21. Sun X, Hsueh W. Bowel necrosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in rats is mediated by platelet-activating factor. J Clin Invest 81: 1328-31, 1988. 22. Heinrich PC, Castell JV, Andus T. Interleukin-6 ,the acute phase response. Biochem J 265: 621-636, 1990. 23. Bartalena L, Hammond GL, Farsetti A, Flink IL, Robbins J. Interleukin-6 inhibits corticosteroid-binding globulin synthesis by human hepatoblastomaderived (Hep G-2) cells. Endocrinology 133: 291-296, 1993. 24. Bartalena L, Hammond GL, Farsetti A, Flink IL, Robbins J. Effects of interleukin-6 on expression of throid hormon-binding protein genes in cultured human hepatoblastoma - derived (Hep G2) cells. Mol Endocrinology 6: 935-942, 1993. 25. Watson PF, Pickerill AP, Davies R, Weetmann AP. Analysis of cytokine gene expression in Graves disease and multinoduler goiter. Clin Endocrinol Metab 79: 355-360, 1994. 26. Weetman AP, Bright -Thomas R, Freeman M. Regulation of interleukin-6 release by human thyrocytes. J Endocrinol 127: 357-361, 1990. 27. Bartalena L, Grasso L, Brogioni S, Aghini-Lombardi F, Braverman LE, Martino E. Serum interleukin-6 in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: 423-427, 1994. 28. Passeri G, Girasole G, Manolagas SC, Jilka RL. Endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor by primary cultures of murine calvarial cells.influence on IL-6 production and osteoclast development . Bone Miner 24: 109-126, 1994. 29. Rifas L, Kenney JS, Pacifici R, Cheng SL, Dawson LL, Avioli L. Production of IL-6 in human osteoblasts and human bone marrow stromal cells; evidence that induction by interleukin -1 and tumor necrosis factor -a is not regulated by ovarian steroids.Endocrinol 136: 4056-4067, 1995.