HAYATİ GÜNEŞ, RAFET METE, MURAT AYDIN, BİROL TOPÇU, MUSTAFA ORAN, MUSTAFA DOĞAN, OĞUZHAN YILDIRIM, İLKNUR ERDEM, AYNUR EREN TOPKAYA, AHMET GÜREL

Relationship among MIF, MCP-1, viral loads, and HBs Ag levelsin chronic hepatitis B patients

Background/aim: To determine whether macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in patients with hepatitis B (HB) are different than in normal individuals and whether the HB surface antigen (HBs Ag) level and viral load are correlated with each other and with the two aforementioned parameters. Materials and methods: Sera were obtained from 52 chronic active HB (CAHB) patients and 33 healthy controls, and their MIF and MCP-1 levels were measured. Statistical analyses were performed. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The MIF and MCP-1 values of the control group were increased compared to those of the CAHB group. The MIF and MCP-1 levels were negatively correlated with HBs Ag levels and viral loads. The MIF and MCP-1 levels were positively correlated. The HBs Ag levels and the log10 of the viral loads were positively correlated. Conclusion: We conclude that the negative correlation of MIF and MCP-1 with viral load and HBs Ag levels may be due to T-cell deficiency, antinuclear antibody seropositivity, and/or inhibition of chemokine ligand 2 receptors by viral antigens. More studies with a greater number of subjects are needed to evaluate the potential role of MIF and MCP in CAHB.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Chronic active hepatitis B, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, viral load, HBs Ag

Relationship among MIF, MCP-1, viral loads, and HBs Ag levels in chronic hepatitis B patients

Keywords:

Chronic active hepatitis B, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, viral load, HBs Ag,

PDF

___

Calandra T, Roger T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 200; 3: 791– 800.
Lan HY. Role of macrophage migration inhibition factor in kidney disease. Nephron Exp Nephrol 2008; 109: e79–e83.
Bernhagen J, Calandra T, Bucala R. Regulation of the immune response by macrophage migration inhibitory factor: biological and structural features. J Mol Med (Berl) 1998; 76: 151–161.
Leng L, Metz CN, Fang Y, Xu J, Donnelly S, Baugh J, Delohery T, Chen Y, Mitchell RA, Bucala R. MIF signal transduction initiated by binding to CD74. J Exp Med 2003; 197: 1467–1476.
Shi X, Leng L, Wang T, Wang W, Du X, Li J, McDonald C, Chen Z, Murphy JW, Lolis E et al. CD44 is the signaling component of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CD74 receptor complex. Immunity 2006; 25: 595–606.
Nishihira J. Molecular function of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and a novel therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 2012; 1271: 53–57.
Hong MY, Tseng CC, Chuang CC, Chen CL, Lin SH, Lin CF. Urinary macrophage migration ınhibitory factor serves as a potential biomarker for acute kidney ınjury in patients with acute pyelonephritis. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012: 381358.
Assunção-Miranda I, Amaral FA, Bozza FA, Fagundes CT, Sousa LP, Souza DG, Pacheco P, Barbosa-Lima G, Gomes RN, Bozza PT et al. Contribution of macrophage migration inhibitory factor to the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection. FASEB J 2010; 24: 218–228.
Zhang W, Yue B, Wang GQ, Lu SL. Serum and ascites level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, TNF-α and IL-6 patients with chronic virus hepatitis B and hepatitis cirrhosis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2002; 1: 577–580.
Rossi D, Zlotnik A. The biology of chemokines and their receptors. Ann Rev Imm 2000; 18: 217–242.
Coelho AL, Hogaboam CM, Kunkel SL. Chemokines provide the sustained inflammatory bridge between innate and acquired immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16: 553–560.
Carr MW, Roth SJ, Luther E, Rose SS, Springer TA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 acts as a T-lymphocyte chemoattractant. P Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 3652–3656.
Matsukawa A, Hogaboam CM, Lukacs NW, Lincoln PM, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL. Endogenous monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) protects mice in a model of acute septic peritonitis: cross-talk between MCP-1 and leukotriene B4. J Immunol 1999; 163: 6148–6154.
Speyer CL, Gao H, Rancilio NJ, Neff TA, Huffnagle GB, Sarma JV, Ward PA. Novel chemokine responsiveness and mobilization of neutrophils during sepsis. Am J Pathol 2004; 165: 2187–2196.
Nakano Y, Kasahara T, Mukaida N, Ko YC, Nakano M, Matsushima K. Protection against lethal bacterial infection in mice by monocyte chemotactic and -activating factor. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 377–383.
Bernhagen J, Calandra T, Mitchell RA, Martin SB, Tracey KJ, Voelter W, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Bucala R. MIF is a pituitary- derived cytokine that potentiates lethal endotoxaemia. Nature 1993; 365: 756–759.
Calandra T, Echtenacher B, Le Roy Pugin DJ, Metz CN, Hültner L, Heumann D, Männel D, Bucala R, Glauser MP. Protection from septic shock by neutralization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Nat Med 2000; 6: 164–170.
Calandra T, Spiegel LA, Metz CN, Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a critical mediator of the activation of immune cells by exotoxins of Gram positive bacteria. P Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 11383–11388.
Calandra T, Froidevaux C, Martin C, Roger T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and host innate immune defenses against bacterial sepsis. J Infect Dis 2003; 187: S385–S390.
Bozza FA, Gomes RN, Japiassş M, Soares AM, Castro-Faria- Neto HC, Bozza PT, Bozza MT. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels correlate with fatal outcome in sepsis. Shock 2004; 22: 309–313.
Chuang CC, Wang ST, Chen WC, Chen CC, Hor LI, Chuang YC. Increases in serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with severe sepsis predict early mortality. Shock 2007; 27: 503–506.
Regis EG, Barreto-de-Souza V, Morgado MG, Bozza MT, Leng L, Bucala R, Bou-Habib DC. Elevated levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the plasma of HIV-1- infected patients and in HIV-1-infected cell cultures: a relevant role on viral replication. Virology 2010; 399: 31–38.
Yu XH, Li SJ, Chen RZ, Yang YZ, Ping Z. Pathogenesis of coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis: role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Chin Med J 2012; 125: 50–55.
Zhang HY, Nanji AA, Luk JM, Huang XR, Lo CM, Chen YX, Yuen ST, Lan HY, Lau GKK. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression correlates with inflammatory changes in human chronic hepatitis B infection. Liver Int 2005; 25: 571– 579.
Bertoletti A, Sette A, Chisari FV, Penna A, Levrero M, De Carli M, Fiaccadori F, Ferrari C. Natural variants of cytotoxic epitopes are T-cell receptor antagonists for antiviral cytotoxic T cells. Nature 1994; 369: 407–410.
Kim JY, Choi SH, Yoon YH, Moon SW, Cho YD. Effects of hypertonic saline on macrophage migration inhibitory factor in traumatic conditions. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5: 362–366.
Yoon YH, Choi SH, Hong YS, Lee SW, Moon SW, Cho HJ, Han C, Cheon YJ, Bansal V. Effect of hypertonic saline and macrophage migration inhibitory factor in restoration of T cell dysfunction. J Korean Surg Soc 2011; 81: 229–234.
de-Oliveira-Pinto LM, Gandini M, Freitas LP, Siqueira MM, Marinho CF, Setşbal S, Kubelka CF, Cruz OG, Oliveira SA. Profile of circulating levels of IL-1Ra, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL4/ MIP-1β and CCL2/MCP-1 in dengue fever and parvovirosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107: 48–56.
Floris-Moore MA, Fayad ZA, Berman JW, Mani V, Schoenbaum EE, Klein RS, Weinshelbaum KB, Fuster V, Howard AA, Lo Y et al. Association of HIV viral load with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and atherosclerosis burden measured by magnetic resonance imaging. AIDS 2009; 23: 941–994.
Weiss L, Si-Mohamed A, Giral P, Castiel P, Ledur A, Blondin C, Kazatchkine MD, Haeffner-Cavaillon N. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 but not those of macrophage inhibitory protein-1α and RANTES correlate with virus load in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1997; 176: 1621–1624.
Narasaraju T, Ng HH, Phoon MC, Chow VTK. MCP-1 antibody treatment enhances damage and impedes repair of the alveolar epithelium in influenza pneumonitis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 42: 732–743.
Dessing MC, van der Sluijs KF, Florquin S, van der Poll T. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contributes to an adequate immune response in influenza pneumonia. Clin Immunol 2007; 125: 328–336.
Wu HL, Kao JH, Chen TC, Wu WH, Liu CH, Su TH, Yang HC, Chen DS, Chen PJ, Liu CJ. Serum cytokine/chemokine profiles in acute exacerbation of chronic Hepatitis B: Clinical and mechanistic implications. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29: 1629–1636.
Kerr JR, Cunniffe VS, Kelleher P, Coats AJS, Mattey DL. Circulating cytokines and chemokines in acute symptomatic parvovirus b19 ınfection: negative association between levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and development of B19- associated arthritis. J Med Virol 2004; 74: 147–155.
Garzino-Demo A, DeVico AL, Conant KE, Gallo RC. The role of chemokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Immunol Rev 2000; 177: 79–87.
Howie S, Ramage R, Hewson T. Innate immune system damage in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Implications for acquired immunity and vaccine design. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162: 141–145.
Alfano M, Poli G. Cytokine and chemokine based control of HIV infection and replication. Curr Pharm Des 2001; 7: 993– 1013.
Gerard C, Rollins BJ. Chemokines and disease. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 108–115.
Jin CZ, Zhao Y, Zhang FJ, Yao HP, Wu LJ, Zhao HX, Wei HS, Wu NP. Different plasma levels of interleukins and chemokines: comparison between children and adults with AIDS in China. Chin Med J 2009; 122: 530–535.