Prevalence study of genital tract infections in pregnant women referred to health centers in Iran
Pregnancy has its own complications such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, premature birth, low-birth-weight children, and infection. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of reproductive tract infections among pregnant women. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 85 randomly selected pregnant women referred to the ambulatory care facilities of Ardal County, Iran, were recruited via a systematic classified random sampling. Questionnaires, clinical examination by midwives, and laboratory assessments were used to gather the required data. Results: According to the laboratory tests, 71.76% of samples were infectious. Candida albicans (35.76%), Escherichia coli (17.97%), and Streptococcus (13.06%) were the most observed infections, with a higher prevalence rate of reproductive tract infections during the second half of pregnancy compared to the first half. Conclusion: Since the prevalence rate of vaginal infections was high among pregnant women, and apparent symptoms and clinical examinations alone could not be used for diagnosing these infections, considering vaginal tests during pregnancy in addition to other routine tests could be helpful.
Prevalence study of genital tract infections in pregnant women referred to health centers in Iran
Pregnancy has its own complications such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, premature birth, low-birth-weight children, and infection. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of reproductive tract infections among pregnant women. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 85 randomly selected pregnant women referred to the ambulatory care facilities of Ardal County, Iran, were recruited via a systematic classified random sampling. Questionnaires, clinical examination by midwives, and laboratory assessments were used to gather the required data. Results: According to the laboratory tests, 71.76% of samples were infectious. Candida albicans (35.76%), Escherichia coli (17.97%), and Streptococcus (13.06%) were the most observed infections, with a higher prevalence rate of reproductive tract infections during the second half of pregnancy compared to the first half. Conclusion: Since the prevalence rate of vaginal infections was high among pregnant women, and apparent symptoms and clinical examinations alone could not be used for diagnosing these infections, considering vaginal tests during pregnancy in addition to other routine tests could be helpful.
___
- Kamara P, Hylton-Kong T, Brathwaite A, Del Rosario GR, Kristensen S, Patrick N, Weiss H, Figueroa PJ, Vermund SH, Jolly PE. Vaginal infections in pregnant women in Jamaica: prevalence and risk factors. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11: 516–20.
- Anderson JR. Genital tract infections in women. Med Clin N Am 1995; 79: 1271–98.
- Tolosa JE, Chaithongwongwatthana S, Daly S, Maw WW, Gaitan H, Lumbiganon P, Festin M, Chipato T, Sauvarin J, Goldenberg RL et al. The International Infections in Pregnancy (IIP) study: Variations in the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and distribution of morphotypes in vaginal smears among pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195: 1198–204.
- Kiss H, Pichler E, Petricevic L, Husslein P. Cost effectiveness of a screen-and-treat program for asymptomatic vaginal infections in pregnancy: towards a significant reduction in the costs of prematurity. Eur J Obstet Gyn R B 2006; 127: 198–203.
- Sutton M, Sternberg M, Koumans EH, McQuillan G, Berman S, Markowitz L. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among reproductive-age women in the United States, 2001-2004. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 1319–26.
- Cotch MF, Pastorek JG 2nd, Nugent RP, Yerg DE, Martin DH, Eschenbach DA. Demographic and behavioral predictors of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among pregnant women. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 78: 1087–92.
- Haltas H, Bayrak R, Yenidunya S. To determine of the prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis, Candida sp, mixed infections (Bacterial Vaginosis + Candida sp), Trichomonas Vaginalis, Actinomyces sp in Turkish women from Ankara, Turkey. Ginekol Pol 2012; 83: 744–8.
- Romoren M, Velauthapillai M, Rahman M, Sundby J, Klouman E, Hjortdahl P. Trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: inadequately managed with the syndromic approach. B World Health Organ 2007; 85: 297–304.
- Lachenauer CS, Kasper DL, Shimada J, Ichiman Y, Ohtsuka H, Kaku M, Paoletti LC, Ferrieri P, Madoff LC. Serotypes VI and VIII predominate among group B streptococci isolated from pregnant Japanese women. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 1030–3.
- Bafghi AF, Aflatoonian A, Barzegar K, Ghafourzadeh M, Nabipour S. Frequency distribution of trichomoniasis in pregnant women referred to health centers of Ardakan, Meibod and Yazd, Iran. Jundishapur J Microb 2009; 2: 132–9.
- Collier SA, Rasmussen SA, Feldkamp ML, Honein MA, Prevention NBD. Prevalence of self-reported infection during pregnancy among control mothers in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res A 2009; 85: 193– 201.
- Valkenburg-van den Berg AW, Sprij AJ, Oostvogel PM, Mutsaers JAEM, Renes WB, Rosendaal FR, Dorr PJ. Prevalence of colonisation with group B Streptococci in pregnant women of a multi-ethnic population in The Netherlands. Eur J Obstet Gyn R B 2006; 124: 178–83.
- Callahan DB, Weinberg M, Gunn RA. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: Diagnosis and treatment practices of physicians in San Diego, California, 1999. Sex Transm Dis 2003; 30: 645–9.