Ya MIAO, Wei ZHANG, Yuan ZHONG, Ming ZHONG, Xiao MA

Diastolic function of the right ventricle is impaired in experimental type 2 diabetic rat models

To evaluate diastolic function alterations of the right ventricle (RV) by echocardiography in type 2 diabetic rat models. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: a control group (n = 8) and a diabetic group (n = 16, with 11 remaining at the end of the experiment), which was fed a high-fat and high-calorie diet and injected with streptozotocin (STZ). RV diastolic functional alteration of rat models was studied by the tricuspid flow Doppler (Ep, Ap, and Ep/Ap) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) (Em, Am, and Em/Am) of the lateral tricuspid annulus. RV structural alteration of rat models was studied by standard 2D and M-mode echocardiography. Results: Compared with the control group rats, at the 12th week after STZ injection, the rats of the diabetic group developed RV diastolic dysfunction, lower Em, and lower ratios (Ep/Ap, Em/Am). At the end of the experiment, at the 16th week after STZ injection, the rats of the diabetic group showed further decreased Ep, Em, and ratios (Ep/Ap, Em/Am) and significantly higher RV diameters compared with the control group rats. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the diastolic dysfunction of the RV was the earliest complication observed in type 2 diabetic rat models, using TDI and tricuspid flow Doppler. TDI showed a high sensitivity in detecting changes of RV diastolic function.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Right ventricle, diastolic function, diabetic cardiomyopathy, echocardiography, rats

Diastolic function of the right ventricle is impaired in experimental type 2 diabetic rat models

Keywords:

Key words: Right ventricle, diastolic function, diabetic cardiomyopathy, echocardiography, rats,

PDF

___

Mytas DZ, Stougiannos PN, Zairis MN, Foussas SG, Pyrgakis VN, Kyriazis IA. Diabetic myocardial disease: pathophysiology, early diagnosis and therapeutic options. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23: 273–82.
Rubler S, Dlugash J, Yuceoglu YZ, Kumral T, Branwood AW, Grishman A. New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1972; 30: 595–602.
Fang ZY, Yuda S, Anderson V, Short L, Case C, Marwick TH. Echocardiographic detection of early diabetic myocardial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 611–7.
Poantă L, Fodor D, Albu A. Left ventricular function in patients with uncomplicated well-controlled diabetes mellitus. Med Ultrason 2010; 12: 184–7.
Ernande L, Rietzschel ER, Bergerot C, De Buyzere ML, Schnell F, Groisne L, Ovize M, Croisille P, Moulin P, Gillebert TC et al. Impaired myocardial radial function in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a speckle-tracking imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23: 1266–72.
Chillo P, Rieck AE, Lwakatare J, Lutale J, Gerdts E. Left atrial volume index as a marker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic Tanzanian diabetic patients. Blood Press 2013; 22: 86–93.
Kim DH, Kim YJ, Kim HK, Chang SA, Kim MS, Sohn DW, Oh BH, Park YB. Usefulness of mitral annulus velocity for the early detection of left ventricular dysfunction in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2010; 18: 6–11.
Patil MB, Burji NP. Echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India 2012; 60: 23–6.
From AM, Scott CG, Chen HH. The development of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus and pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction a population-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 300–5.
Sun H, Zhong M, Miao Y, Ma X, Gong HP, Tan HW, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Impaired elastic properties of the aorta in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats. Vascular remodeling in diabetic arteries. Cardiology 2009; 114: 107–13.
Zhang F, Ye C, Li G, Ding W, Zhou W, Zhu H, Chen G, Luo T, Guang M, Liu Y et al. The rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus and its glycometabolism characters. Exp Anim 2003; 52: 401–7.
Pari L, Sankaranarayanan C. Beneficial effects of thymoquinone on hepatic key enzymes in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2009; 85: 830–4.
Widya RL, van der Meer RW, Smit JW, Rijzewijk LJ, Diamant M, Bax JJ, de Roos A, Lamb HJ. Right ventricular involvement in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 457–62.
Karas MG, Kizer JR. Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle and associated hemodynamics. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 55: 144–60. van den Brom CE, Bosmans JW, Vlasblom R, Handoko LM, Huisman MC, Lubberink M, Molthoff CF, Lammertsma AA, Ouwens MD, Diamant M et al. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: the forgotten right ventricle. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9: 25–31.
Vittos O, Toana B, Vittos A. Biomarkers and their involvement in the early diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Life 2012; 5: 74–8.
Ng AC, Delgado V, Bertini M, van der Meer RW, Rijzewijk LJ, Hooi Ewe S, Siebelink HM, Smit JW, Diamant M, Romijn JA et al. Myocardial steatosis and biventricular strain and strain rate imaging in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2010; 122: 2538–44.
Karamitsos TD, Karvounis HI, Dalamanga EG, Papadopoulos CE, Didangellos TP, Karamitsos DT, Parharidis GE, Louridas GE. Early diastolic impairment of diabetic heart: the significance of right ventricle. Int J Cardiol 2007; 114: 218–23.
Boyer JK, Thanigaraj S, Schechtman KB, Pérez JE. Prevalence of ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic, normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 870–5.
Khullar M, Al-Shudiefat AA, Ludke A, Binepal G, Singal PK. Oxidative stress: a key contributor to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88: 233–40.
Selvaraju V, Joshi M, Suresh S, Sanchez JA, Maulik N, Maulik G. Diabetes, oxidative stress, molecular mechanism, and cardiovascular disease–an overview. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22: 330–5.
Dobrin JS, Lebeche D. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: signaling defects and therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8: 373–91.
Liu JW, Liu D, Cui KZ, Xu Y, Li YB, Sun YM, Su Y. Recent advances in understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427: 441–3.