Özlem BEYAZYILDIZ, Emrullah BEYAZYILDIZ, İbrahim C. HAZNEDAROĞLU, Mert ŞİMŞEK, Mehmet ÇITIRIK

Branch retinal vein occlusion associated with platelet activation

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to study subclinical platelet activation by detecting three important platelet activationparameters of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in patients with branch retinalvein occlusion (BRVO) in comparison to those in healthy control subjects.Materials and methods: This prospective study included 43 patients with BRVO (Group 1) and 40 control subjects (Group 2). The levelsof MPV, PDW, and PCT were measured in both of the studied groups.Results: The mean serum level of MPV value was 7.64 ± 0.64 in Group 1 and 7.39 ± 0.42 in Group 2. Mean serum level of PDW was15.01 ± 1.56 in Group 1 and 14.43 ± 1.03 in Group 2. Mean serum PCT value was 0.19 ± 0.05 in Group 1 and 0.16 ± 0.04 in Group 2.MPV, PDW, and PCT levels were significantly increased in BRVO patients (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Subclinical platelet activation reflected by MPV, PDW, and PCT may have an impact on the genesis of vessel occlusion inBRVO. The results may be important for the clinical management of patients with BRVO.

PDF

___

1. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Meuer SM. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2000; 98: 133-141.
2. David R, Zangwill L, Badarna M, Yassur Y. Epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion and its association with glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure. Ophthalmologica 1988; 197: 69-74.
3. Newman-Casey PA, Stem M, Talwar N, Musch DC, Besirli CG, Stein JD. Risk factors associated with developing branch retinal vein occlusion among enrollees in a United States managed care plan. Ophthalmology 2014; 121: 1939-1948.
4. Kolar P. Risk factors for central and branch retinal vein occlusion: a meta-analysis of published clinical data. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014: 724780.
5. Rehak J, Rehak M. Branch retinal vein occlusion: pathogenesis, visual prognosis, and treatment modalities. Curr Eye Res 2008; 33: 111-131.
6. Wong TY, Larsen EK, Klein R, Mitchell P, Couper DJ, Klein BE, Hubbard LD, Siscovick DS, Sharrett AR. Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Cardiovascular Health Studies. Ophthalmology 2005; 112: 540-547.
7. Cheung N, Klein R, Wang JJ, Cotch MF, Islam AF, Klein BE, Cushman M, Wong TY. Traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion: the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 4297- 4302.
8. Bath P, Algert C, Chapman N, Neal B; Progress Collaborative Group. Association of mean platelet volume with risk of stroke among 3134 individuals with history of cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 2004; 35: 622-626.
9. Huczek Z, Kochman J, Filipiak KJ, Horszczaruk GJ, Grabowski M, Piatkowski R, Wilczynska J, Zielinski A, Meier B, Opolski G. Mean platelet volume on admission predicts impaired reperfusion and long-term mortality in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 284-290.
10. Onder HI, Kilic AC, Kaya M, Bulur S, Onder E, Tunc M. Relation between platelet indices and branch retinal vein occlusion in hypertensive patients. Indian J Ophthalmol 2013; 61: 160-162.
11. The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group. Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 1984; 98: 271-282.
12. Senen K, Topal E, Kilinc E, ten Cate H, Tek I, Karakoc Y, Yetkin E. Plasma viscosity and mean platelet volume in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2010; 44: 35-41.
13. Akpinar I, Sayin MR, Gursoy YC, Karabag T, Kucuk E, Buyukuysal MC, Aydin M, Haznedaroglu IC. A platelet marker associated with saphenous vein graft disease. Herz 2014; 39: 142-148.
14. Ates O, Kiki I, Bilen H, Keles M, Kocer I, Kulacoglu DN, Baykal O. Association of mean platelet volume with the degree of retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur J Gen Med 2009; 6: 99-102.
15. Kodiatte TA, Manikyam UK, Rao SB, Jagadish TM, Reddy M, Lingaiah HK, Lakshmaiah V. Mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Lab Physicians 2012; 4: 5-9.
16. Khandekar MM, Khurana AS, Deshmukh SD, Kakrani AL, Katdare AD, Inamdar AK. Platelet volume indices in patients with coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction: an Indian scenario. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59: 146-149.
17. Tavil Y, Sen N, Yazici H, Turfan M, Hizal F, Cengel A, Abaci A. Coronary heart disease is associated with mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetic patients. Platelets 2010; 21: 368-372.
18. Pikija S, Cvetko D, Hajduk M, Trkulja V. Higher mean platelet volume determined shortly after the symptom onset in acute ischemic stroke patients is associated with a larger infarct volume on CT brain scans and with worse clinical outcome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009; 111: 568-573.
19. Berger JS, Eraso LH, Xie D, Sha D, Mohler ER. Mean platelet volume and prevalence of peripheral artery disease, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999- 2004. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213: 586-591.
20. Vagdatli E, Gounari E, Lazaridou E, Katsibourlia E, Tsikopoulou F, Labrianou I. Platelet distribution width: a simple, practical and specific marker of activation of coagulation. Hippokratia 2010; 14: 28-32.
21. Karagöz B, Alacacıoğlu A, Bilgi O, Demirci H, Özgün A, Erikçi AA, Sayan O, Yılmaz B, Kandemir EG. Platelet count and platelet distribution width increase in lung cancer patients. Anatol J Clin Investig 2009; 3: 32-34.
22. Osselaer JC, Jamart J, Scheiff JM. Platelet distribution width for differential diagnosis of thrombocytosis. Clin Chem 1997; 43: 1072-1076.
23. Amin MA, Amin AP, Kulkarni HR. Platelet distribution width (PDW) is increased in vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Ann Hematol 2004; 83: 331-335.
24. Yaylali YT, Susam I, Demir E, Bor-Kucukatay M, Uludag B, Kilic-Toprak E, Erken G, Dursunoglu D. Increased red blood cell deformability and decreased aggregation as potential adaptive mechanisms in the slow coronary flow phenomenon. Coron Artery Dis 2013; 24: 11-15.
25. Leone MC, Gori T, Fineschi M. The coronary slow flow phenomenon: a new cardiac “Y” syndrome? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008; 39: 185-190.
26. Muxel S, Fasola F, Radmacher MC, Jabs A, Münzel T, Gori T. Endothelial functions: translating theory into clinical application. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2010; 45: 109-115.
27. Bain BJ, Bates I. Basic haematological techniques. In: Lewis SM, Bain BJ, Bates I, editors. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 9th ed. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2001. pp. 19-46.
28. Sahin F, Yazar E, Yildiz P. Prominent features of platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in pulmonary tuberculosis. Multidiscip Respir Med 2012; 7: 38.
29. Citirik M, Beyazyildiz E, Simsek M, Beyazyildiz O, Haznedaroglu IC. MPV may reflect subclinical platelet activation in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29: 376-379.
30. Coban E, Adanir H, Bilgin D. The association of mean platelet volume levels with hypertensive retinopathy. Platelets 2008; 19: 115-118.
31. Briggs CM, Machin SJ. Automated platelet analysis. In: KottkeMarchant K, editor. Laboratory Hematology Practice. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. pp. 48-58.
32. Patterson K. Platelet parameters generated by automated blood counters. CME Bull Haematol 1997; 1: 13-16.
33. Chu SG, Becker RC, Berger PB, Bhatt DL, Eikelboom JW, Konkle B, Mohler ER, Reilly MP, Berger JS. Mean platelet volume as a predictor of cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 148-156.
34. Squizzato A, Manfredi E, Bozzato S, Dentali F, Ageno W. Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic drugs for retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and a call for action. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103: 271-276.
35. Houtsmuller AJ, Vermeulen JA, Klompe M, Zahn KJ, Henkes HE, Baarsma GS, Tijssen J. The influence of ticlopidine on the natural course of retinal vein occlusion. Agents Actions Suppl 1984; 15: 219-229.