Adaptation, reliability, and validity study of the Hwalek-SengstockElder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST): a Turkish version

Adaptation, reliability, and validity study of the Hwalek-SengstockElder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST): a Turkish version

Background/aim: The most important issues in elder abuse and neglect are lack of awareness and difficulties in determining the situation. Our aim is to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hwalek Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST). Materials and methods: The H-S/EAST (15-itemed, three-dimensional: direct abuse, characteristics of vulnerability, and potentially abusive situation) was translated according to the guidelines and experts evaluated it for content validity and cultural adaptation. Participants (n = 252) mean age was 73.4 ± 6.4 years and 58.3% were female. The World Health Organization Quality of Life InstrumentOlder Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD) and the Barthel Index were used for validity. Cronbach s alpha for internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis for content validity, t-test for construct validity, and discriminant ability were used. SPSS 15.0 was used for analysis and statistical significance was P < 0.05. Results: In test retest reliability, internal consistency coefficient values for direct abuse, characteristics of vulnerability, and potentially abusive situation were 0.88, 0.73, and 0.80, respectively. Cronbach s alpha for internal consistency of the H-S/EAST was 0.741. Exploratory factor analysis obtained 5 factors, and explained variance was 61.8%. Cut-off value was 6, and sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve were 76.9%, 96.2%, and 0.938, respectively. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the H-S/EAST can be used as a reliable, valid clinical tool for the assessment of elder abuse.

___

  • 1. Keskinoğlu P, Giray H, Pıçakçıefe M, Bilgiç N, Uçku R. Physical abuse, financial abuse and neglect in elderly. Turk J Geriatr 2004; 7: 57-61.
  • 2. Kennedy RD. Elder abuse and neglect: the experience, knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians. Fam Med 2005; 37: 481-485.
  • 3. Taylor DK, Bachuwa G, Evans J, Jackson-Johnson V. Assessing barriers to the identification of elder abuse and neglect: A communitywide survey of primary care physicians. J Natl Med Assoc 2006; 98: 403-404.
  • 4. Schmeıdel AN, Daly JM, Rosenbaum ME, Schmuch GA, Jogerst GJ. Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on barriers to elder abuse detection and reporting in primary care settings. J Elder Abuse Negl 2012; 24: 17-36.
  • 5. Halphen JM,  Varas GM,  Sadowsky JM. Recognizing and reporting elder abuse and neglect. Geriatrics 2009; 64: 13-18.
  • 6. Cooper C,  Selwood A,  Livingston G. Knowledge, detection, and reporting of abuse by health and social care professionals: a systematic review. Am J Geriat Psychiat 2009; 17: 826-838.
  • 7. Keskinoglu P, Pıcakcıefe M, Bilgic N, Giray H, Karakus N, Ucku R. Elder abuse and neglect in two different socioeconomic districts in Izmir, Turkey. Int Psychogeriatrics 2007; 19: 719- 731.
  • 8. Artan T. Family abuse against the elders living in nursing homes. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet 2013; 24: 109-122 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
  • 9. Ergönen AT, Can İÖ, Toprak G. Jinekoloji polikliniğine başvuran kadınlarda yaşlı istismarı. Adli Psikiyatri Dergisi 2007; 4: 13-20 (in Turkish).
  • 10. Kıssal A, Beşer A. Identifying and evaluating elder abuse and neglect. TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8: 357-364.
  • 11. Mandiracioglu A, Govsa F, Celikli S. Yildirim GO. Emergency health care personnel’s knowledge and experience of elder abuse in Izmir. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2006; 43: 267-276.
  • 12. Lök N. Elder abuse and neglect in Turkey: a systematic review. Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2015; 7: 149-156 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
  • 13. Gökçe Kutsal Y, Biberoğlu K, Atlı T, Aslan D, editors. Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Çalışan Hekimler İçin Yaşlı Sağlığı Tanı Ve Tedavi Rehberi 2010. Ankara, Turkey: Ministry of Health; 2010 (in Turkish). 
  • 14. Daly JM, Jogerst GJ. Readability and content of elder abuse instruments. J Elder Abuse Negl 2005; 17: 31-52.
  • 15. Fadıloğlu Ç, Aykar FŞ. Approach to abuse and neglect in the elderly. Ege Journal of Medicine 2012; 51: 69-77 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
  • 16. Wang XM, Brisbin S, Loo T, Straus S. Elder abuse: an approach to identification, assessment and intervention. Can Med Assoc J 2015; 187: 575-581.
  • 17. Neale AV, Hwalek MA, Scott RO, Sengstock MC, Stahl C. Validation of the Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. J Appl Gerontol 1991; 10: 406-418.
  • 18. Küçükdeveci AA, Yavuzer G, Tennant BA, Süldür N, Sonel B, Arasil T. Adaptation of the modified Barthel index for use in physical medicine and rehabilitation in Turkey. Scand J Rehabil Med 2000; 32: 87-92.
  • 19. Eser S, Saatli G, Eser E, Baydur H, Fidaner C. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-Old). Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2010; 21: 37-48.
  • 20. Schofield MJ, Mishra GD. Validity of self-report screening for elder abuse: Women’s Health Australia Study. Gerontologist 2003; 43:110-120.
  • 21. Loewenthal K, Lewis CA. An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales. Hove, UK: Psychology Press; 2001.
  • 22. Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric Theory. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill; 1994.
  • 23. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice. East Northwalk, CT, USA: Appleton and Lange; 1993.
  • 24. Meeks-Sjostrom D. A comparison of three measures of elder abuse. J Nurs Scholarship 2004; 36: 247-250.
  • 25. Fulmer T, Guadagno L, Bitondo Dyer C, Connolly MT. Progress in elder abuse screening and assessment instruments. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 297-304.
  • 26. Paixão CM Jr, Reichenheim ME. A review of screening tools to assess domestic violence against the elderly. Cad Saude Publica 2006; 22: 1137-1149.
  • 27. Reichenheim ME,  Paixão CM Jr,  Moraes CL. Portuguese (Brazil) cross-cultural adaptation of the Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) used to identify risk of violence against the elderly. Cad Saude Publica  2008; 24: 1801-1813.
  • 28. Schofield MJ, Reynolds R, Mishra GD, Powers JR, Dobson AJ. Screening for vulnerability to abuse among older women: Women’s Health Australia Study. J Appl Gerontol 2002; 21: 24- 39.
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0144
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Molecular analysis and prevalence of Huntington disease in northwestern Iran

Parisa AOB, Mahmoud SHEKARI KHANIANI, Mohammadreza RANJOURI, Sima MANSOORI DERAKHSHAN

Biomarker and shear stress in secondary pediatric pulmonary hypertension

Erman ÇAKAL, Muhammed KIZILGÜL, Mustafa ÖZBEK, Bekir UÇAN, Mustafa ŞAHİN

Does fibromyalgia have an effect on hearing loss in women?

Özlem BALBALOĞLU BALBALOĞLU, Zeliha KAPUSUZ GENCER, Levent SAYDAM, Mahmut ÖZKIRIŞ ÖZKIRIŞ

The efficacy of in situ local autograft in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a comparison of three different grafting methods

Nevres Hürriyet AYDOĞAN, Hacı Mustafa ÖZDEMİR, Abdurrahman SAKAOĞULLARI, Bertan CENGİZ, Metin IŞIK

Reliability and validity of the Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaireamong Turkish children

Fatih TARHAN, Pınar AY, Yasemin AKIN, Kubilay SABUNCU, Kamil Fehmi NARTER, Fatma KAYA NARTER, Rabia ALAY ESER

Expression profiles of CD11b, galectin-1, beclin-1, and caspase-3 in nasal polyposis

İlker KILIÇCIOĞLU, Nuray VAROL, Ece KONAC, Yusuf KIZIL, Alper DİLCİ, Sabri USLU, Utku AYDİL

Faruk Erdem KOMBAK, Hülya ŞAHİN, Hande MOLLAMEMİŞOĞLU, İdris ÖNEM, Handan KAYA, Onur BUĞDAYCI, Mustafa Erkin ARIBAL

Ali ÖZGÜN, Asuman SARGIN, Semra KARAMAN, İlkben GÜNÜŞEN, İşik ALPER, Fatma Zekiye AŞKAR

Emergency coronary bypass surgery in patients under the influence of dualantiplatelet therapy: effects of tranexamic acid and desmopressin acetate

Gökalp ALTUN, Doğuş HEMŞİNLİ, Zerrin PULATHAN, Ali CİVELEK

Superiorly based nasolabial island flap for reconstruction of the lateral lower eyelid

Yalçın Yontar, Selahattin ÖZMEN, Sedat TATAR