Background/aim: Sex-related differences have not been thoroughly explored in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to evaluate possible sex-related differences in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores of COPD patients with or without significant anxiety and/or depression. Materials and methods: Stable COPD patients were prospectively enrolled in the study between July 2013 and April 2014. Levels of anxiety, depression, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life parameters were assessed using specific questionnaires, including the CAT and others. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and physiological tests were performed. All the data were compared to determine any sex-related differences. Results: A total of 128 COPD patients (86 men, 42 women, mean age: 60.5 ± 9.3 years) were included. The women were significantly younger and had lower pack-years of cigarette smoking, and higher biomass smoke exposure, but displayed similarly severe COPD as compared to men. Beck anxiety (13.5-11) and Beck depression (15-11) inventory results were significantly higher in women than men (P = 0.04, P = 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between the sexes in terms of CAT score, Modified Medical Research Council score, or COPD stage parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Female patients have higher levels of depression and anxiety scores but present the same CAT scores related to COPD severity as compared to men.