Immunohistochemical localization of podoplanin in the placentas of HIV-positive preeclamptic women
Background/aim: Impaired lymphatic function is associated with pathological conditions. The presence of placental lymphatics is still
under debate. This study evaluates the placental podoplanin expression in normotensive and preeclamptic women with and without
HIV.
Materials and methods: Normotensive (n = 60) and preeclamptic (n = 120) pregnant women were stratified into early and late
onset preeclampsia and further divided by HIV status. Immunostaining was performed using the podoplanin antibody prior to the
morphometric image analysis.
Results: Podoplanin was immunolocalized in a reticular-like stroma complex within the exchange and conducting villi. The
immunoexpression of podoplanin was significantly upregulated in the exchange villi (P = 0.001) irrespective of the pregnancy type and
HIV status. Based on pregnancy type, podoplanin was downregulated in early onset preeclampsia (15.33 ± 4.27%) compared to late
onset preeclampsia in the exchange villi (17.85 ± 4.74%; P = 0.04). Podoplanin was upregulated in HIV+ vs. HIV- cases regardless of
pregnancy and villi type. Irrespective of pregnancy type, podoplanin immunoexpression within exchange villi was different (P = 0.008)
between the HIV+ and HIV- groups.
Conclusion: Placental fluid homeostasis is maintained by a podoplanin reticular-like complex within conducting and exchange villi,
being upregulated in HIV-positive pregnancies.
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