Şahin SAKA, DENİZ ÇOBAN, H. Okan KAMACI, CÜNEYT SUZER, Kürşat FIRAT

Early development of cephalic skeleton in hatchery-reared gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata

The development of the cephalic skeleton in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1758), larvae was examined from 1 to 41 days post-hatching during the early ontogeny under intensive culture conditions. At hatching, S. aurata larvae had 2.68 mm total length (TL) and were devoid of any cephalic elements. At 2.85 mm TL, the trabecular bars and the ethmoid plate appeared. Development of jaws started during the yolk-sac stage. Teeth first appeared at larval stage (7.78 mm TL) and gill filaments formed at size ranging between 8.05 and 8.9 mm TL. Finally, the dentary, maxillary and Meckel’s cartilage began to ossify at 9.20 mm TL. It is concluded that cartilaginous elements and structures could be related with vital functions in S. aurata larvae. Also, onset time of skull was found different although same developmental pattern of skull has been described for most Sparidae species to date.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

larva, ontogeni, Pagrus aurata, kafatası, iskelet

PDF

___

Almansa, E., Pérez, M.J., Cejas, J.R., Badía, P., Villamandos, J.E. and Lorenzo, A. 1999. Influence of broodstock gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) dietary fatty acids on egg quality and egg fatty acid composition throughout the spawning season. Aquaculture, 170: 323–336.

Andrades, J.A., Becerra, J. and Fernandez-Lebrez, P. 1996. Skeletal deformities in larval, juvenile and adult stages of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L). Aquaculture, 141: 1-11.

Bauchot, M.L. and Hureau, J.C. 1986. Sparidae. In: Whitehead PJP, Bauchot ML, Hureau JC, Nielsen J, Tortonese (Ed.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris: 883-907.

Blaxter, J.H.S. 1984. Ontogeny, systematics and fisheries. In: H.G. Moser, W.J. Richards, D.M. Cohen, M.P. Fahay, A.W. Kendall and S.L. Richardson (Eds.) Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication No. 1. Allen Press Inc, Lawrence, Kansas: 1-6.

Calzada, F., Alanis, A., Meckes, M., Tapia, A. and Cedillo, R. 1998. In vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia to some medicinal plants used by the people of southern Mexico. Phytotherapy Research, 12: 70–72.

Clemmesen, C.M. 1987. Laboratory studies on RNA/DNA ratios of starved and fed herring (Clupea harengus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., 43: 122-128.

Çoban, D., Suzer, C., Kamacı, H.O., Saka, Ş. and Fırat, K. 2008. Early osteological development of the fins in the hatchery-reared red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (L. 1758). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, (In pres).

De Beer, G.R. 1937. The development of the vertebrate skull. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 552 pp.

Divanach, P. 1985. Contribution de la Biologie et de levage de 6 Sparide s Mediterrane ens: Sparus aurata, Diplodus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus annularis, Lithognathus mormyrus, Puntazzo puntazzo (Poissons Teleosteens). Thease d `Etat, Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Languedoc. 478 pp.

Divanach, P., Papandroulakis, N., Anastasiadis, P., Koumoundouros, G. and Kentouri, M. 1997. Effect of water currents during postlarval and nursery phase on the development of skeletal deformities in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L) with functional swimbladder. Aquaculture, 156: 145-155.

Elbal, M.T., García Hernández, M.P., Lozano, M.T. and Agulleiro, B. 2004. Development of the digestive tract of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Light and electron microscopic studies. Aquaculture, 234: 215 238.

Faustino, M. and Power, D.M. 2001. Osteologic development of the viscerocranial skeleton in sea bream: alternative ossification strategies in teleost fish. J. Fish Biol., 58: 537-572.

Fukuhara, O. 1992. Study on the development of functional morphology and behavior of the larvae of eight commercially valuable teleost fishes. Contr. Fish Res. Jap. Sea Block, 25: 1-122.

Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. and Kentouri, M. 1998. Embryonic and yolk-sac larval development of Dentex dentex (Linnaeus 1758) (Osteichthyes, Sparidae). Mar. Life, 6: 41-50.

Koumoundouros, G., Oran, G., Divanach, P., Stefanakis, S. and Kentouri, M. 1997. The opercular complex deformity in intensive gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L) larviculture. Moment of apparition and description. Aquaculture, 156: 165-177.

Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. and Kentouri, M. 2000. Development of the skull in Dentex dentex (Osteichthyes: Sparidae). Marine Biology, 136: 175 184.

Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P. and Kentouri, M. 2001. The effect of rearing conditions on development of saddleback syndrome and caudal fin deformities in Dentex dentex L. Aquaculture, 200: 285–304.

Matsuoka, M. 1987. Development of the skeletal tissues and skeletal muscles in the red sea bream. Bull. Seikai. Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 65: 1-114.

McGurk, M.D. 1984. Allometry of herring mortality. Trans Am. Fish Soc., 122: 1035-1042.

O'Connell, C.P. 1976. Histological criteria for diagnosing the starving condition in early post yolk sac larvae of the Northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, Girard. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 25: 285-312.

Oozeki, Y. and Hirano, R. 1994. Changes in oxygen consumption rate during development of larval Japanese whiting, Sillago japonica. Jap. J. Ichthyol., 41: 207-214.

Pothoff, T. 1984. Clearing and staining techniques, In: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (Eds.). Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. Amer. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpet. Allen, New York: 35–37.

Surlemont, C. and Vandewalle, P. 1991. Developpement post-embryonnaire du squelette et de la musculature de la tate de Clarias gariepinus (Pisces, Siluriformes) depuis l'eclosion jusqu a 6.8 mm. Can. J. Zool., 69: 1094-1103.

Tandler, A., Har’el, M., Wilks, M., Levison, A., Brickell, L., Christie, S., Avital, E. and Barr, Y. 1989. Effect of environmental temperature on survival, growth and population structure in the mass rearing of the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Aquaculture, 78: 277–284.

Tilney, R.L. and Hecht, T. 1993. Early ontogeny of Galeichthys feliceps from the south east coast of South Africa. J. Fish. Biol., 43: 183-212.

van Snik, G.M.J., van de Boogaart, J.G.M. and Osse, J.W.M. 1997. Larval growth patterns in Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus with attention to the finfold. J. Fish Biol., 50: 1339-1352.

Vandewalle, P., Focant, B., Huriaux, F. and Chardon, M. 1992. Early development of the cephalic skeleton of Barbus barbus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). J. Fish Biol., 41: 43-62.

Vandewalle, P., Gluckmann, I., Baras, E., Huriaux, F. and Focant, B. 1997. Postembryonic development of the cephalic region in Heterobranchus longifilis. J. Fish Biol., 50: 227-253.

Wagemans, F., Focant, B. and Vandewalle, P. 1998. Early development of the cephalic skeleton in the turbot. J. Fish Biol., 52: 166-204.