Alterations of the Ionic composition in different organs of spotted murrel (Channa punctatus) exposed to sublethal concentration of endosulfan

Çalışmada Benekli yılanbaş, Channa punctatus’un farklı organlarında pestisitin iyon bileşimi üzerindeki etkisini göstermek amacıyla balıklar, 48 ile 96 saat arasında öldürücü olmayan endosülfan konsantrasyonuna (8,1 µg/L) maruz bırakılmıştır. 48 ile 96 saat süresince endosülfana maruz bıraktıktan sonra kontrol tankından ve deney tanklarından balıklar rastgele seçilmiş ve anestezi verilerek kesilmiştir. Daha sonra mineral oranları tahmini yapmak için karaciğer, böbrek, solungaç gibi organları ve kas dokusu ayrılmıştır. Sonuçlar; 48 saat sonra Ca ve Mg düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığını, fakat 96 saatten sonra bu iki mineral seviyesinde azalma olduğunu göstermiştir. Kalan karaciğer mineralleri (P, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu ve Mn), maruz kalma süresinin artmasıyla anlamlı bir değişiklik göstermemiş, fakat 96 saat sonra azalan bir eğilim göstermiştir. 48 saatlik sürede böbrekte Ca %89,5 ve Mg %79,8 oranında anlamlı bir şekilde artmış ve 96 saat sonra her iki mineralin konsantrasyonu %23,2 ile %27,8 oranında anlamlı olmayan oranda kontrol grubundan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Böbrekte Mn seviyesi 96 saat sonra da anlamlı biçimde kontrol grubundan daha yüksek olmuştur (%31,7). Böbreklerde tespit edilen diğer minerallere (P, Na, K, Fe, Zn ve Cu) maruz kalma süresindeki değişiklikle anlamlı olacak şekilde değişmemiştir. Fakat 96 saat sonra bazı mineraller (P, Na, Zn) artmıştır. Solungaçta Ca seviyesi, endosülfan süresindeki artışla birlikte anlamlı biçimde azalmıştır. Solungaçta Fe ve Cu seviyeleri de Ca’da olduğu gibi benzer eğilim göstermiştir. Solungaçta kalan mineraller (P, Na, K, Zn, Mg ve Mn) endosülfana maruz bırakılma sonrasında anlamlı şekilde etkilenmiş fakat (Mn haricindeki) mineraller 96 saatten sonra azalan bir eğilim göstermiştir. Kas dokusunda etki süresinin artmasıyla P ve K, anlamlı biçimde artmışken kasta Zn tam tersi bir eğilim göstermiştir. Esasen bu çalışma; 96 saatlik endosülfan etkisinden sonra karaciğer, solungaç ve kasta çoğu mineral konsantrasyonunun azaldığını ama bu minerallerin seviyesinin böbrekte arttığını göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla C. Punctatus’un letal sınır altında endosülfan konsantrasyonuna maruz kalması, balıkların vücutlarının farklı organlarındaki iyonik bileşende anlamlı alterasyonlara sebep olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Channa punctatus, sodyum, mangan, solungaçlar, endosülfan, bakır, kimyasal bileşim, kalsiyum, karaciğer, demir, böcek öldürücü kalıntıları, magnezyum, organlar, fosfor, potasyum, çinko

Ölümcül olmayan endosülfan konsantrasyonuna maruz kalan benekli yılanbaş balığı (Channa punctatus)’nın farklı organlarında iyon bileşimi değişimleri

The spotted murrel, Channa punctatus were exposed to sublethal concentration of endosulfan (8.1 µg/L) for 48 and 96 h to elucidate the impact of the pesticide on the ionic composition in different organs of the fish. After 48 and 96 h endosulfan exposure, fish were randomly selected from each control and experimental tanks, anesthetized, sacrificed and then different organs like liver, kidney, gill and muscle were dissected for mineral estimation. Results showed that liver Ca and Mg levels after 48 h increased significantly, however after 96 h, these two minerals showed reduction in their levels. The remaining minerals in the liver (P, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) did not change significantly with increase in the exposure duration however, showed a decreasing trend after 96 h. Kidney Ca and Mg after 48 h exposure increased significantly by 89.5 and 79.8% and after 96 h the concentration of both these minerals were non-significantly higher by 23.2 and 27.8% from the control. Kidney Mn level after 96 h was also significant higher (by 31.7%) than the control. The remaining kidney minerals (P, Na, K, Fe, Zn and Cu) did not change significantly with change in the exposure duration, however, after 96 h some of them (P, Na, Zn) increased. Gill Ca level decreased significantly with the increase in the duration of endosulfan. Gill Fe and Cu levels also showed almost similar trend like gill Ca. The remaining minerals (P, Na, K, Zn, Mg and Mn) in the gill were not significant influenced by endosulfan exposure however, they (except Mn) showed a decreasing trend after 96 h. In muscle tissue, P and K increased significantly with the increase in the exposure periods whereas, muscle Zn showed a reverse trend. The remaining minerals (Na, Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu and Mn) did not change significantly with the change in the endosulfan exposure time however, they (except Mg and Mn) showed a decreasing trend at the end of 96 h. In essence, the present study showed that the concentration of majority of the minerals in the liver, gill and muscle after 96 h endosulfan exposure decreased, however, their level increased in the kidney. Thus, exposure of sublethal endosulfan concentration to C. punctatus caused significant alterations in the ionic composition in different organs of their body.

Keywords:

Channa punctatus, sodium, manganese, gills, endosulfan, copper, chemical composition, calcium, liver, iron, insecticide residues, magnesium, organs, phosphorus, potassium, zinc,

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