Meltem AKBAŞ, Şirin ÇELİKKANAT, Şule GÖKYILDIZ SÜRÜCÜ

Gebelerin Distres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı gebelerde distres düzeyinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya alınma kriterlerine uyan ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 250 gebe araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Tilburg Gebelikte Distres Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; Yüzde, Ortalama, Student t testi ve ANOVA ve Linear Regresyon kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin, yaş ortalamasının 26,94±5,73 olduğu, % 52,2’sinin ilkokul mezunu olduğu, %93,5’inin çalışmadığı, %79,6’sının sosyal güvencesinin olduğu, % 43,3’ünün eşinin işci olduğu, %74,7’sinin ekonomik durumunun orta düzeyde olduğu, %79,6’sının çekirdek aileye sahip olduğu, %66,1’inin ilk gebeliği olmadığı, %90,6’sının isteyerek gebe kaldığı, %64,9’unun yaşayan çocuğu olduğu saptanmıştır. Gebelerin toplam ölçek puan ortalamasının 23,54±7,590, olumsuz duygulanım ölçek puan ortalamasının 20,81±6,560, eş katılımı ölçek puan ortalamasının 2,73±2,967 olduğu saptanmıştır. Kesme noktasına göre % 25.3’ünün streste olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, gebelerin yaklaşık dörtte birinin distreste olduğu görülmektedir. Gebeler sadece fizyolojik ve biyolojik gereksinimler açıdan değil psikolojik gereksinimleri de göz önüne alınarak, gebelik takiplerine bütüncül yaklaşılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gebelik, distres, anksiyete, depresyon

Identification of Distress Levels in Pregnant Women: A Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to identify distress levels and the affecting factors in pregnant women. Methods: This study was conducted in the Non-Stress Test unit of a Maternity and Children Hospital between 1st and 31st of March, 2017 in Turkey. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The participants were 250 pregnant women who met the research criteria and volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected using the “Socio-demographic Form” and “Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale”. Analysis of the data was performed using percentages, means, student t-test, ANOVA, and Linear Regression. Results: The average age of pregnant women was 26.73. Of all the participants, 52.2% graduated from primary school, 93.5% did not work, 79.6% had social security, partners of 43.3% were workers, 74.7% had medium financial level, 79.6% had a nuclear family, 66.1% experienced their first pregnancy, 90,6% had planned their pregnancy, and 64.9% had a living child. The mean score for the total scale was 23.54±7.590; mean score for the negative effect sub-scale was 20.81±6.560, and mean score for the partner involvement sub-scale was 2.73±2.967. According to the cut-off point, 25.3% of pregnant women were found to be distressed. Conclusions: This study found that approximately one-fourth of the pregnant women were distressed, which was considered to result from their socio-demographic and obstetric features. A holistic approach should be applied to pregnant women in their pregnancy follow-ups considering their psychological needs as well as physiological and biological ones.

Keywords:

Pregnancy, distress, anxiety, depression,

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