COVID 19 Pandemi Döneminde Yetişkinlerin Beslenme, Sağlık Davranışı Değişiklikleri ve Yeme Davranışları

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, küresel boyutta önemli bir halk sağlık tehdidi oluşturan COVID- 19 pandemisi sürecinde yetişkin bireylerin sağlık davranışları, besin tüketimleri, öğün düzenlerindeki değişimlerin ve yeme davranışlarının incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte tasarlanan bu araştırma, Mayıs-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasındaki 20 yaş ve üzeri 330 gönüllü yetişkin üzerinde yürütülmüştür (ortalama yaş: 33.1±11.5 yıl). Veriler, çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Anket formunda katılımcıların sağlık davranışları, besin tüketimleri, öğün düzenlerindeki değişimleri belirlemeye yönelik sorular ile yeme davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yeme bozukluğu değerlendirme ölçeği yer almıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 21.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Pandemi döneminde, yetişkinlerin sigara (p<.05), alkol (p>.05) tüketim oranları ve fiziksel aktivite (p<.05) yapma oranları düşmüş; uyku süreleri ve beden kütle indeksleri artmıştır (p<.05). Pandemi süresince günde tek ana öğün tüketenlerin oranı artmış, üç ana öğün tüketelerin oranı azalmıştır (p<.05). Ayrıca, pandemi sürecinde gece yeme oranı artmıştır (p<.05). Yetişkinlerin pandemi döneminde; karbonhidrat yönünden zengin besinler olan tahıllar, tatlı türleri ile katı yağ, çay, kahve, tüketimlerinin arttığı; balık tüketimlerinin azaldığı bulunmuştur. Yetişkinlerin yeme bozukluğu değerlendirme ölçeği ortalama puanı 2.4±1.4 olup pandemi döneminde, olası yeme bozukluğu riskinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte pandemi sürecinde normalden daha fazla besin tüketme, yemek yerken kontrolü kaybetme hissine kapılma, aşırı yemek yeme nöbetleri yaşama, saplantılı biçimde egzersiz yapma gibi olumsuz davranışlar gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucunda pandemi sürecininin genel olarak bireylerin beslenmelerini ve sağlık davranışlarını olumsuz şekilde etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Yetişkinlerin, beslenme ve yaşam biçiminin COVID-19'a duyarlılık ve iyileşme üzerindeki etkileri hakkında bilinçlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

COVID 19, beslenme, sağlık, yetişkin

Nutrition, Health Behaviour Changes, and Eating Behaviours of Adults During the COVID 19 Pandemic Period

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the health behaviours, food consumption, meal patterns and eating behaviours of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, which globally poses a major public health threat. Method: The research designed as descriptive and cross-sectional type was conducted on 330 voluntary adults aged 20 and over, between May and July 2020 (mean age: 33.1±11.5 years). Data were collected through an online survey method. The questionnaire included questions to identify the changes in participants' health behaviours, food consumption, meal patterns, and an eating disorder rating scale to evaluate their eating behaviours. SPSS 21.0 software was used for the evaluation of the data. Results: During the pandemic period, while smoking (p<.05), alcohol (p>.05) consumption, physical activity (p<.05) rates decreased; sleep duration and body mass indexes increased (p<.05). During the pandemic, the rate of those consuming one main meal a day increased, while the rate of those consuming three main meals decreased (p<.05). In addition, the rate of eating at night increased during the pandemic (p<.05). During the pandemic period, the adults’ consumption of cereals and sweets which are rich in carbohydrates, and their fat, tea, coffee consumptions increased, while their fish consumption decreased. The average global eating disorder rating scale score of adults during the pandemic period was 2.4±1.4, and it was determined that the risk of possible eating disorders was low. However, during the pandemic process, it was determined that they displayed negative behaviours such as consuming more food than usual, feeling losing control while eating, experiencing excessive eating attacks, and obsessive exercise. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was revealed that the pandemic process negatively affected the nutrition and health behaviours of individuals in general. It is thought that adults should be made aware of the effects of nutrition and lifestyle on sensitivity to COVID-19 and recovery.

Keywords:

COVID 19, nutrition, health, adult,

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