Relay coordination analysis and protection solutions for smart grid distribution systems

Growing complexity of conventional power grids and their management, increasing power demand and energy quality expectations considering grid reliability, and efficiency and security concerns have triggered the evolution of smart grids. This is an expected result of implementing new technologies in existing grids, including renewable sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaic modules. With implementation of such new elements to the system, the protection concept should be considered by system regulators. In order to analyze protection problems, simulation-based analysis should be carried out before high-cost experimental studies. In this study, a simulation-based evaluation for a smart gridbased distribution system is performed. System simulations are realized considering different fault cases and optimum operating conditions are obtained. A ring grid is designed including a generator and a wind turbine as sources and variable loads as consumers. Several points in the grid are selected as fault locations, and the condition of connecting distributed generation plants to the grid is evaluated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. This study presents an analysis about the possibility of forming a grid with high reliability and efficiency under fault conditions.

PDF

___

[1] Slootweg H. Smart grids - the future or fantasy? In: IET Seminar on Smart Metering; 19 February 2009; London, UK. London, UK: IET. pp. 119.
[2] Massoud A, Wollenberg S. Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st century. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2005; 3: 3441.
[3] Ipakchi A, Albuyeh F. Grid of the future. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2009; 7: 5262.
[4] Yan L. The application prospect of modern communication technology in smart grid. Science and Technology Consulting Herald 2009; 246247.
[5] Hauser CH, Bakken DE, Bose A. A failure to communicate: next generation communication requirements, technologies, and architecture for the electric power grid. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2005; 3: 4755.
[6] Garrity TF. Getting Smart. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2008; 6: 3845.
[7] Wang Z, Stoupis J, Mekic F. Distribution automation for back-feed network power restoration emerges as a key smart grid technology. Electric Energy T&D Magazine 2009; 4043.
[8] Ren R, Wang Z, Song B, Fang Q. The realization of the feeder automation function in distribution automation systems. In: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution; 1013 December 2008; Guangzhou, China. New York, NY, USA: IEEE. pp. 501501.
[9] Santacana E, Rackliffe G, Tang L, Feng X. Getting smart. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2010; 8: 4148.
[10] IEEE Power Engineering Society. Power System Analysis, Computing and Economics Committee Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee. IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder. New York, NY, USA: IEEE, 1992.
[11] Stones J, Collinson A. Power quality. Power Eng J 2001; 15: 5864.
[12] Brown RE. Impact of smart grid on distribution system design. In: Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century; 2024 July 2008; Pittsburgh, PA, USA. New York, NY, USA: IEEE. pp. 14.
[13] Umer A, Khan JK, Seong SH, Lim H, Lee BW. Feasibility analysis of the positioning of superconducting fault current limiters for the smart grid application using Simulink and SimPowerSystem. IEEE T Appl Supercon 2011; 21: 21652169.
[14] Zeineldin HH, El-Saadany EF, Salama MMA, Wang Z. High voltage circuit breaker modeling for online modelbased monitoring and diagnosis. In: 4th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology; 1820 November 2007; Dubai, United Arab Emirates. New York, NY, USA: IEEE. pp. 317321.