Kasi Viswanathan PALANISAMY, Chandrasekar SUBRAMANIAM, Balaji SAKTHIVEL

Evaluating the role of carbon quantum dots covered silica nanofillers on the partial discharge performance of transformer insulation

The article presents the experimental results on the role of carbon quantum dots (CQD) covered silica nanofillers on the partial discharge (PD) properties of transformer oil insulation. The improvement in PD performance of nanofiller blend oil is tested with increased voltage gradient and nanofiller concentration. PD of nanoblend oils for various concentrations of modified silica ranging from 0 to 0.1%wt was measured. PD activity of the test samples is simulated in the laboratory with needle, rod and plane electrode geometry combinations. The facets of PD signals such as PD magnitude, PD inception and time duration of PD extracted from phase-resolved partial discharge patterns were analyzed. Detailed time-frequency domain evaluation of PD pulse is carried out. The enclosure of CQD-SiO2 nanostructures has considerably improved the inception voltage up to 23% than base transformer oil and SiO2 nanofluid. Magnitude of discharge is noticeably reduced by the influence of CQD-treated SiO2 nanoparticles in mineral oil irrespective of the electrode geometry.

PDF

___

[1] Calcara L, Pompili M, Muzi F. Standard evolution of Partial Discharge detection in dielectric liquids. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2017; 24 (1): 2–6. doi:10.1109/tdei.2016.006499
[2] Chandrasekar S, Montanari G. Analysis of partial discharge characteristics of natural esters as dielectric fluid for electric power apparatus applications. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2014; 12 (21): 51–59. doi:10.1109/tdei.2014.6832272
[3] Pompili M. Partial discharge measurements in dielectric liquids. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2008 16 (6): 1648–1654. doi:10.1109/TDEI.2009.5361585
[4] Raymon A, Karthik R. Reclaiming aged transformer oil with activated bentonite and enhancing reclaimed and fresh transformer oils with antioxidants. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2015; 22 (1): 548–555. doi:10.1109/tdei.2014.004094
[5] Pattanadech N, Pratomosiwi F, Wieser B, Baur M, Muhr M. The study of partial discharge inception voltage of mineral oil using needle - Plane electrode configuration. 2012 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application 2012. doi:10.1109/ichve.2012.6357020
[6] Nagendran S, Chandrasekar S. Investigations on Partial Discharge, Dielectric and Thermal Characteristics of Nano SiO2 Modified Sunflower Oil for Power Transformer Applications. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 2018; 13 (3): 1337–1345. doi.org/10.5370/JEET.2018.13.3.1337
[7] Liu R, Pettersson LA, Auletta T, Hjortstam O. Fundamental research on the application of nano dielectrics to transformers. 2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena 2011. doi:10.1109/ceidp.2011.6232685
[8] Cavallini A, Karthik R, Negri F. The effect of magnetite, graphene oxide and silicone oxide nanoparticles on dielectric withstand characteristics of mineral oil. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2015; 22 (5): 2592–2600. doi:10.1109/tdei.2015.005016
[9] Mehanna NA, Jaber AM, Oweimreen GA, Abulkibash AM. The minimum concentration of 1,2,3-benzotriazol to suppress sulfur corrosion of copper windings by DBDS in mineral transformer oils. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2015; 22 (2): 859–863. doi:10.1109/tdei.2015.7076785
[10] Liao R, Feng D, Hao J, Yang L, Li J et al. Thermal and electrical properties of a novel 3-element mixed insulation oil for power transformers. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2019; 26 (2): 610–617. doi:10.1109/tdei.2019.007464
[11] Beroual A, Sitorus HB, Setiabudy R, Bismo S. Comparative study of AC and DC breakdown voltages in Jatropha methyl ester oil, mineral oil, and their mixtures. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2018; 25 (5): 1831–1836. doi:10.1109/tdei.2018.007219
[12] Raj RA, Samikannu R, Yahya A, Mosalaosi M. Comparison of Ageing Characteristics of Superior Insulating Fluids With Mineral Oil for Power Transformer Application. IEEE Access 2020; 8 (1): 141111–141122. doi:10.1109/access.2020.3012988
[13] Chandrasekar S, Kasi Viswanathan P, Uthirakumar P, Montanari GC. Investigations on Novel Carbon Quantum Dots Covered Nanofluid Insulation for Medium Voltage Applications. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 2019; 15 (1): 269–278. doi:10.1007/s42835-019-00316-5
[14] Chandrasekar S, UthirakumarP. Carbon Quantum Dots covered nano dielectric fluids and its preparation methods thereof, Indian Patent, Ref. No. 201841031593
[15] Chandrasekar S, Chandramohan J, Montanari GC, Uthirakumar P. Developing eco-friendly nanostructured oil: Partial discharge and breakdown voltage characterization of transformer corn oil. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2020; 27 (5): 1611–1618. doi:10.1109/tdei.2020.008992
[16] Sima W, Jiang C, Lewin P, Yang Q, Yuan T. Modeling of the Partial Discharge Process in a Liquid Dielectric: Effect of Applied Voltage, Gap Distance, and Electrode Type. Energies 2013; 6 (2): 934–952. doi:10.3390/en6020934
[17] Cisse L, Bamji SS, Bulinski AT. Electric field calculations for needle-plane geometry and space charge in polyethylene. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2003; 10 (1): 176–180. doi:10.1109/tdei.2003.1176587
[18] Tsuchie M, Kozako M, Hikita M, Sasaki E. Modeling of early stage partial discharge and overheating degradation of paper-oil insulation. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2014; 21 (3): 1342–1349. doi:10.1109/tdei.2014.6832282
[19] Pattanadech N, Muhr M. Partial discharge inception voltage investigation of mineral oil: effect of electrode configurations and oil conditions. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2016; 23 (5): 2917– 2924. doi:10.1109/tdei.2016.7736853
[20] Jin H, Morshuis P, Mor AR, Smit JJ, Andritsch T. Partial discharge behavior of mineral oil based nanofluids. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2015; 22 (5): 2747–2753. doi:10.1109/tdei.2015.005145
[21] Jian-quan Z, Yue-fan D, Mu-tian C, Cheng-rong L, Xiao-xin L et al. AC and lightning breakdown strength of transformer oil modified by semiconducting nanoparticles. 2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena 2011. doi:10.1109/ceidp.2011.6232741
[22] Muangpratoom P, Pattanadech N. Breakdown and Partial discharge characteristics of Mineral oil‐based nanofluids. IET Science, Measurement Technology 2018; 12 (5): 609–616. doi:10.1049/iet-smt.2017.0080
[23] Wang Q, Rafiq M, Lv Y, Li C, Yi K. Preparation of Three Types of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids and Comparative Study on the Effect of Nanoparticle Concentrations on Insulating Property of Transformer Oil. Journal of Nanotechnology 2016; 24 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1155/2016/5802753
[24] Muthulingam S, Bae KB, Khan R, Lee I-H, Uthirakumar P. Improved daylight-induced photocatalytic performance and suppressed photocorrosion of N-doped ZnO decorated with carbon quantum dots. RSC Advances 2015; 5 (57): 46247–546251. doi:10.1039/c5ra07811c
[25] Liu Z, Liu Q, Wang ZD, Jarman P, Krause C et al. Partial discharge behaviour of transformer liquids and the influence of moisture content. 2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL) 2014. doi:10.1109/icdl.2014.6893155
[26] Cao X-F, Yang Q, Song H, Shi J. Preparation of Three Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids and Comparison of Their Impulse Breakdown Characteristics. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 2014; 6 (3): 250–256. doi:10.1166/nnl.2014.1746