Excess lifetime cancer risk due to natural radioactivity in Gümüşhane Province, NE Turkey
In this study, 162 in situ measurements of 238U, 232Th, and 40K radionuclide concentrations dataset taken by the gamma-ray spectrometer in Gümüşhane, Turkey are presented. The gamma ray measurements were performed by a 512-channel, three-window gamma-ray spectrometry equipment made by GF Instruments. We first observed the radionuclides of the 238U, 232Th, and 40K values in Gümüşhane. We then calculated the hazard indices of gamma radiation such as annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), internal and external hazard index (Hin, Hex), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) based on the radionuclide abundances of 238U, 232Th, and 40K for the first time. In Gümüşhane, the average activity concentrations of radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K were measured as 58.7 ± 34.3 Bq kg-1, 62.7 ± 37.2 Bq kg-1, and 1026.8 ± 486.0 Bq kg-1, respectively. The average outdoor annual effective dose equivalent and ELCR values were 132.2 ± 63.2 mSv yr-1 and 0.40 ± 0.19 × 10-3, respectively. Numerical results indicate that the radiological parameters (AEDE and ELCR) obtained for Gümüşhane Province were greater than the world's mean values.
___
- Adamia SA, Lordkipanidze MB, Zakariadze GS (1977). Evolution
of an active continental margin as exemplified by the Alpine
history of the Caucasus. Tectonophysics 40: 183-189.
- Akın H (1978). Geologie, Magmatismus und Lagerstaettenbildung in
ostpontischen Gebirge-Turkei aus der Sicht der Plattentektonik.
Geologische Rundschau 68: 253-283 (in German).
- Akıncı ÖT (1984). The Eastern Pontide volcano-sedimentary
belt and associated massive sulphide deposits. In: Dixon JE,
Robertson AHF (editors). The Geological Evolution of the
Eastern Mediterranean: Geological Society Special Publication
17: 415-428.
- Beck HL (1972). The physics of environmental radiation fields.
Natural radiation environment II, CONF-720805 P2.
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the
Natural Radiation Environment.
- Bektaş O, Yılmaz C, Taslı K, Akdağ K, Özgür S (1995). Cretaceous
rifting of the eastern Pontide carbonate platform (NE Turkey):
the formation of carbonates breccias and turbidites as evidences
of a drowned platform. Geologia 57 (1-2): 233-244.
- Bozkurt A, Yorulmaz N, Kam E, Karahan G, Osmanlıoğlu AE (2007).
Assessment of environmental radioactivity for Şanliurfa region
of Southeastern Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42 (8): 1387-
1391.
- Chen CJ, Lin YM (1996). Assessment of building materials
for compliance with regulations of ROC. Environment
International 22: 221-226.
- Çınar H, Altundaş S, Çelik N, Maden N (2017). In situ gamma
ray measurements for deciphering of radioactivity level in
Sarıhan pluton area of northeastern Turkey. Arabian Journal of
Geosciences 10: 435. doi: 10.1007/s12517-017-3225-4
- Değerlier M, Karahan G, Ozger G (2008). Radioactivity
concentrations and dose assessment for soil samples around
Adana, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 99 (7):
1018-1025.
- Dokuz A (2011). A slab detachment and delamination model
for the generation of Carboniferous high-potassium I-type
magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: The Köse
composite pluton. Gondwana Research 19 (4): 926-944.
- Durusoy A, Yildirim M (2017). Determination of radioactivity
concentrations in soil samples and dose assessment for Rize
Province, Turkey. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied
Sciences 10: 348-352.
- Eker ÇS, Korkmaz S (2011). Mineralogy and whole rock geochemistry
of late Cretaceous sandstones from the eastern Pontides (NE
Turkey). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen 188:
235-256.
- Eyüboğlu Y, Bektaş O, Seren A, Maden N, Jacoby WR et al. (2006).
Three axial extensional deformation and formation of the
Liassic rift basins in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey).
Geologica Carpathica 57 (5): 337-346.
- Eyüboğlu Y, Dilek Y, Bozkurt E, Bektaş O, Rojay B et al. (2010).
Structure and geochemistry of an Alaskan-type ultramafic–
mafic complex in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Gondwana
Research 18: 230-252.
- Eyüboğlu Y, Santosh M, Yi K, Tüysüz N, Korkmaz S et al. (2014). The
Eastern Black Sea-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits:
geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and an overview of
the geodynamics of ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews 59: 29-
54.
- Göncüoğlu MC, Kozlu H, Dirik K (1997). Pre-Alpine and Alpine
terranes in Turkey: explanatory notes to the terrane map of
Turkey. Annales Géologiques des Pays Helleniques 37: 515-
536.
- Güven İH (1993). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin 1/250000 ölçekli
jeolojik ve metalojenik haritası, MTA, Ankara (in Turkish).
- IAEA (2003). Guidelines for Radioelement Mapping Using Gamma
Ray Spectrometry Data. IAEA Technical Reports Series 1363,
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
- ICRP (1990). Recommendations of the International Commission
on Radiological Protection. v21(1-3), publication 60.
- ICRP (1993). Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work.
ICRP Publication 65. Ann. ICRP 23(2).
- Kalyoncuoğlu UY (2015). In situ gamma source radioactivity
measurement in Isparta plain, Turkey. Environmental Earth
Sciences 73: 3159-3175.
- Kam E, Bozkurt A (2007). Environmental radioactivity measurements
in Kastamonu region of northernTurkey. Applied Radiation
and Isotopes 65: 440-444.
- Kandemir R, Yılmaz C (2009). Lithostratigraphy, facies, and
deposition environment of the lower Jurassic Ammonitico
Rosso type sediments (ARTS) in the Gümüşhane area, NE
Turkey: implications for the opening of the northern branch
of the NeoTethys Ocean. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34:
586-598.
- Kapdan E, Altinsoy N, Karahan G, Yuksel A (2018). Outdoor
radioactivity and health risk assessment for capital city Ankara,
Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 318:
1033-1042.
- Kapdan E, Varinlioglu A, Karahan G (2011). Radioactivity Levels
and Health Risks due to Radionuclides in the Soil of Yalova,
Northwestern Turkey. International Journal of Environmental
Research 5 (4): 837-846.
- Karahan G, Bayülken A (2000). Assessment of gamma dose
rates around Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of Environmental
Radioactivity 47: 213-221.
- Karakelle B, Öztürk N, Köse A, Varinlioglu A, Erkol AY et al. (2002).
Natural radioactivity in soil samples of Kocaeli Basin, Turkey.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 254 (3):
649-651.
- Karslı O, Chen B, Aydın F, Şen C (2007). Geochemical and Sr-NdPb isotopic compositions of the Eocene Dölek and Sarıçiçek
Plutons, Eastern Turkey: Implications for magma interaction
in the genesis of high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in a postcollision extensional setting. Lithos 98 (1-4): 67-96.
- Kaygusuz A, Arslan M, Sipahi F, Temizel İ (2016). U-Pb zircon
chronology and petrogenesis of carboniferous plutons in the
northern part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Constraints
for Paleozoic magmatism and geodynamic evolution.
Gondwana Research 39: 327-346.
- Kaygusuz A, Öztürk M (2015). Geochronology, geochemistry
and petrogenesis of the Eocene Bayburt intrusions, eastern
Pontide, NE Turkey: Implications for lithospheric mantle and
lower crustal sources inthe high-K calc-alkaline magmatism.
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 108: 97-116.
- Ketin İ (1966). Anadolu’nun tektonik birlikleri. Bulletin of the
Mineral Research and Exploration 66: 20-34 (in Turkish).
- Kılıç O, Belivermis M, Topçuoglu S, Cotuk Y, Coskun M et al. (2008).
Radioactivity concentrations and dose assessment in surface
soil samples from east and south of Marmara Region, Turkey.
Radiation Protection Dosimetry 128 (3): 324-330.
- Kobya Y, Taşkın H, Yeşilkanat CM, Çevik U, Karahan G et al. (2015).
Radioactivity survey and risk assessment study for drinking
water in the Artvin Province, Turkey. Water, Air, & Soil
Pollution 226: 49.
- Kurnaz A, Küçükomeroğlu B, Keser R, Okumuşoğlu NT, Korkmaz F
et al. (2007). Determination of radioactivity levels and hazards
of soil and sediment samples in Firtina Valley (Rize, Turkey).
Applied Radiation and Isotopes 65: 1281-1289.
- Küçükomeroğlu B, Karadeniz A, Damla N, Yesilkanat CM, Cevik U
(2016). Radiological maps in beach sands along some coastal
regions of Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin 112: 255-264.
- Maden N, Akaryalı E (2015a). A review for genesis of continental arc
magmas: U, Th, K and radiogenic heat production data from
the Gümüşhane Pluton in the Eastern Pontides (NE Türkiye).
Tectonophysics 664: 225-243.
- Maden N, Akaryalı E (2015b). Gamma ray spectrometry for
recognition of hydrothermal alteration zones related to a low
sulfidation epithermal gold mineralization (eastern Pontides,
NE Türkiye), Journal of Applied Geophysics 122: 74-85.
- Maden N, Akaryalı E, Çelik N (2019). The in situ natural radionuclide
(238U, 232Th and 40K) concentrations in Gümüşhane granitoids:
implications for radiological hazard levels of Gümüşhane city,
northeast Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences 78: 330.
- Merdanoğlu B, Altınsoy N (2006). Radioactivity concentrations and
dose assessment for soil samples from Kestanbol Granite Area.
Radiation Protection Dosimetry 121 (4): 399-405.
- Okay Aİ, Sahintürk Ö (1997). Geology of the Eastern Pontides.
AAPG bulletin 68: 291-311.
- Okay Aİ, Tüysüz O (1999). Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. The
Mediterranean basin: Tertiary extension within the Alpine
orogeny. Geological Society London Special Publications 156:
475-515.
- Örgün Y, Altınsoy N, Gültekin AH, Karahan G, Çelebi N
(2005). Natural radioactivity levels in granitic plutons and
groundwaters in Southeast part of Eskişehir, Turkey. Applied
Radiation and Isotopes 63 (2): 267-275.
- Örgün Y, Altınsoy N, Şahin SY, Güngör Y, Gültekin AH et al. (2007).
Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in rocks and beach
sands from Ezine region (Çanakkale), Western Anatolia,
Turkey. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 65: 739-747.
- Özsayar T, Gedikoglu A, Pelin S (1981). Artvin Yöresi Yastık-Lavların
Yaşına İlişkin Paleontolojik Veriler. KTÜ Yerbilimleri Dergisi
1(1): 38-42 (in Turkish).
- Pagel M (1982). The mineralogy and geochemistry of uranium,
thorium, and rare-earth elements in two radioactive granites of
the Vosges, France. Mineralogical Magazine 46 (339): 149-161.
- Pavlidou S, Koroneos A, Papastefanou C, Christofides G, Stoulos S
et al. (2006). Natural radioactivity of granites used as building
materials. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 89 (1): 48-
60.
- Pelin S (1977). Alucra (Giresun) Güneydogu yöresinin petrol
olanakları bakımından jeolojik incelenmesi. KTÜ Yayınları 87,
103p, Trabzon (in Turkish).
- Ray L, Roy S, Srinivasan R (2008). High radiogenic heat production
in the Kerala Khondalite Block, Southern Granulite Province,
India. International Journal of Earth Sciences 97: 257-267.
- Sipahi F, Kaygusuz A, Eker ÇS, Vural A, Akpınar İ (2017). Late
Cretaceous arc igneous activity: The Eğrikar Monzogranite
example. International Geology Review 60 (3): 382-400.
- Şengör AMC, Görür N, Şaroğlu F (1985). Strike-slip faulting and
related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey
as a case study. In: Biddle KT, Christie-Blick N (editors).
Strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation.
Special publication-Society of Economic Paleontologists and
Mineralogists 37: 227-264.
- Şengör AMC, Yılmaz Y (1981). Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate
tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75: 181-241.
- Taşkın H, Karavus M, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Hidiroglu S et al. (2009).
Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk
due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. Journal of
Environmental Radioactivity 100: 49-53.
- Topuz G, Altherr R, Schwarz WH, Dokuz A, Meyer HP (2007).
Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu
metamorphic complex (Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides,
Turkey). International Journal of Earth Sciences 96 (5): 861-
873.
- Topuz G, Altherr R, Wolfgang S, Schwarz WH, Zack T et al. (2010).
Carboniferous high-potassium I-type granitoid magmatism
in the Eastern Pontides: The Gümüşhane pluton (NE Turkey).
Lithos 116: 92-110.
- TURKSTAT (Turkey Statistical Institute) (2018). Main Statistics. Web
site: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist,
February 2, 2019.
362
- Tzortzis M, Tsertos H, Christofides S, Christodoulides G (2003).
Gamma-ray measurements of naturally occurring radioactive
samples from Cyprus characteristic geological rocks. Radiation
Measurements 37: 221-229.
- UNSCEAR (1988). Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic
Radiation, United Nation, New York.
- UNSCEAR (1993). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation report to
the general assembly with annexes United Nations, New York,
pp. 73-98.
- UNSCEAR (2000). United Nations Sources and Effects of Ionizing
Radiation. Volume I: Sources; Volume II: Effects. United
Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic
Radiation, 2000 Report to the General Assembly, with scientific
annexes. United Nations sales publications E.00.IX.3 and E.00.
IX.4. United Nations, New York.