Mohd Hayrie MOHD HATTA, Hendrik Oktendy LINTANG, Leny YULIATI, Siew Ling LEE

Synthesis of highly active crystalline carbon nitride prepared in various salt melts for photocatalytic degradation of phenol

Crystallinity could have a decisive influence on photocatalytic performance. In this study, the synthesis ofcrystalline carbon nitride (CN) was studied via an ionic melt polycondensation of urea precursor in the presence ofvarious salt melts, which were KCl-LiCl, KCl-NaCl, and KCl-ZnCl 2 . While all the salt melts helped to improve theoptical properties of the CN, only KCl-LiCl salt melt could form crystalline CN as evidenced by its X-ray diffractionpattern. Furthermore, the specific surface area of CN (72 m2/g) was maintained when using KCl-LiCl (73 m2/g), butit was decreased in the presence of KCl-NaCl (22 m2/g) or KCl-ZnCl 2 (17 m2/g). The CN prepared without the saltmelt only showed 10% phenol degradation under the light of a solar simulator, while the use of KCl-LiCl significantlyimproved the activity to 24%. On the other hand, the CN prepared in the presence of KCl-NaCl and KCl-ZnCl 2 gavephenol degradation of 14% and 7%, respectively. This work demonstrated that the crystallinity, improved absorption inthe visible light region, and maintained large specific surface area of the CN were crucial to achieve the high activity.

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