Defensive manoeuvres of NHX1 and SOS1 co/overexpression in plant salt tolerance

Excessive accumulation of salts is one of the most important factors affecting the production quality of plants. The difficultyto develop salt stress tolerant crops has prevented the security of the global food system. The classical crop breeding approach thatuses random mutagenesis/recombination is time-consuming in the face of an ever-increasing human population and extreme weatherpattern shifts. Today, technologies introducing foreign genetic material into plants have the best potential to assist in crop breedingimprovement due to its high efficiency, accuracy, low risk of off-target effects, and minimal labour compared to classical methods. Thenotion of $Na^+$ /$H^+$ antiporters in this technology has increased rapidly in recent years with numerous successful examples. In the awe ofrapidly developing modern techniques, which do not yet exist at the required scale to face the aforementioned challenges, the currentknowledge of the co/overexpressing $Na^+$ /$H^+$ antiporters (NHX1 and SOS1) will be explored as a potential method to produce staplecrops with greater resilience to over concentrated ions and abnormally high osmotic stress.

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