The screening of $F_2$ plants for the root-Knot nematode resistance gene, Mi by PCR in tomato

Kök-ur nematodları, Türkiye'de ve Dünya'da tarla ve sebze bitkilerinin en önemli zararlılarındandır. Domates, patates, pamuk ve gibi ekonomik öneme sahip bir çok bitkide zararlara neden olurlar. Domates, kök-ur nematodlarına karşı özellikle etkili genetik dayanıklılığı bilinen ürünlerden biridir. Kök-ur nematodlarına dayanıklılığı sağlayan Mi geni, 1940'lı yıllarda yabani domates olan Lycopersicon peruvianum'dan kültür domatesine aktarılmıştır. Bugün, ticari tomates çeşitlerinin çoğu bu geni taşımaktadır. Bu gen M. incognita, M.javanica, M. arenana karşı dayanıklılık sağlamaktadır. Mi geni 6. kromozomun kısa kolu üzerine lokalize olmaktadır. Bu kromozom haritalanmış ve Mi genine bağlı bir çok marker tanımlanmıştır. Daha sonra, Mi geni, izole edilip klonlanarak dizilimi belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, domates bitkisi M. incognita ile infekte edilip dayanıklı ve duyarlı hatları belirlenmiştir Nematoda dayanıklılık testleri sonucuna göre, Kök-ur indeksi değerinin duyarlı bitkilerde 2'den büyük, dayanıklı bitkilerde ise 2 ve 2'den küçük olduğu saptanmıştır. Üreme oranlan ise dayanıklı bitkilerde O, duyarlı bitkilerde ise l 'den büyük bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Mi genine özgü primerler kullanılarak dayanıklı ve duyarlı bitkiler PCR ile belirlenmiştir, l .6 kb DNA bandı dayanıklı bitkilerde bulunurken duyarlı bitkilerde bulunmamıştır. Burada elde edilen veriler ışığında, geleneksel olarak kullanılan dayanıklılık testleri ile moleküler çalışmaların birbirlerini desteklediği ve bu primerlerin ıslah programında uygulanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Domateste kök-ur nematodlarına dayanıklılık geni (Mi) taşıyan $F_2$ bitkilerinin PCR ile taranması

Root-knot nematodes are major pests of field and vegetable crops in Turkey and worldwide. They cause damage to many economically important horticultural crops like potato, cotton and tomato. Tomato is one of the crops in which genetic resistance has been especially effective against root-knot nematodes. In the 1940s the root-knot nematode resistance gene (Mi) was introgressed into the cultivated tomato from the wild species Lycopersicon peruvianum. Today, many commercial tomato varieties carry the Mi gene, which has been mapped. This gene confers resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, M.javanica and M. arenana. The short arm of chromosome 6 and many markers linked to Mi have also been identified. The Mi gene has been isolated, cloned and sequenced. In this study, plants were infected with M. incognita race 2 and resistant and susceptible lines were determined. According to nematode resistance assays, the root-gall index was determined as > 2 and < 2 for susceptible and resistant plants, and reproduction factors were 0 and > 1 for resistant and susceptible plants, respectively. In conjunction with traditional screening Mi gene specific primers were used to differentiate between resistant and susceptible plants with a 1.6 kb DNA band being detected in resistant plants but absent in susceptible plants. The data showed a clear correlation between traditional screening and the use of markers and support the possibilities of using marker assisted selection for M. incognita resistance breeding.

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