Ziya ŞİMŞEK, Celalettin GÖZÜAÇIK, Abdurrahman YİĞİT

Predicting the development of critical biological stages of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), by using sum of degree-days for timing its chemical control in wheat*

This investigation was carried out for possible use of sum of degree-days (total effective temperatures) in order to predict the critical biological stages in chemical control of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), in 28 wheat fields of Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, and Şanlıurfa provinces from 2007 to 2010, and in climate chamber conditions. Development threshold temperature (°C) of Sunn pest in terms of the life span, starting from egg to new generation of adults, was found as 13.30 °C. Sums of degree-days starting from 1 January to appearance of the eggs, first-stage nymphs (n1 ), second-stage nymphs (n2 ), and fourth-stage nymphs (n4 ) were found with the averages of 44.6, 84.4, 123.3, and 223.1 degree-days, respectively. The results from the field studies reflected that developmental biological data on sum of degree-days as a predictive tool could be useful in better decision making to start chemical applications as soon as the appearance of n1 until n4 for Sunn pest control.

PDF

___

Bessin R (2016). Controlling Apple Pests (ENTFACT-201). Lexington, KY, USA: UK Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture.
Damos P, Savopoulou-Soultani M (2012). Temperature-driven models for insect development and vital thermal requirements. Psyche 2012: 123405.
Herms DA (2004). Using degree days and plant phenology to predict pest activity. In: Krischik V, Davidson J, editors. IPM of Midwest Landscapes. Falcon Heights, MN, USA: MN Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 49-59.
Honek A (1996). Geographical variation in thermal requirements for insect development. Eur J Entomol 93: 303-312.
Ionescu C, Mustatea D (1973). Contributions to the knowledge of some aspects of the biology and ecology of cereal bugs for forecasting the optimum control period in Romania. Analele Institutului de Cercetari pentru Protectia Plantelor 11: 119- 131.
Javahery M, Schaefer CW, Lattin JD (2000). Shield bugs (Scutelleridae). In: Schaefer CW, Panizzi AR, editors. Heteroptera of Economic Importance. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, pp. 475-503. 582
GÖZÜAÇIK et al. / Turk J Agric For Kansu İA (2012). Genel Entomoloji. Ankara, Turkey: Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi (in Turkish).
Kazzazi M, Bandani AR, Hosseinkhani S (2005). Biochemical characterization of α-amylase of the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps. Entomol Sci 8: 371-377.
Kıvan M (2008). Development rate and lower temperature threshold in the eggs of Eurygaster integriceps (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Insect Sci 15: 163-166.
Koçak E, Babaroğlu N (2005). Orta Anadolu Bölgesi kışlaklarındaki Eurygaster (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) türleri. Türk Entomol Derg 29: 301-307 (in Turkish).
Lodos N (1961). Türkiye, Irak, İran ve Suriyede Süne (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) problemi üzerinde incelemeler (Yayılışı, zararları, biyolojisi, parazitleri ve savaşı). İzmir, Turkey: Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi (in Turkish).
Lodos N (1982). Türkiye Entomolojisi (Genel, Uygulamalı ve Faunistik), Cilt II. İzmir, Turkey: Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi (in Turkish).
Mazzei KC, Newman RM, Loos A, Ragsdale DW (1999). Developmental rates of the native Milfoil Weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, and damage to Eurasian Watermilfoil at constant temperatures. Biol Control 16: 139-143.
Murray MS (2008). Using Degree Days to Time Treatments for Insect Pests. Utah Pests Fact Sheet. Logan, UT, USA: Utah State University Extension.
Önder F (2004). Bitki Zararlılarının Ekolojisi ve Epidemiyolojisi. İzmir, Turkey: META Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri (in Turkish).
Paulian F, Popov C (1980). Sunn pest or cereal bug. In: Hafliger E. editor. Wheat Technical Monograph. Basel, Switzerland: CibaGeigy Ltd., pp. 69-74.
Rajabi GH (2000). Ecology of cereals Sunn pests in Iran. Tehran, Iran: Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation (in Persian).
Sanderson ED, Peairs LM (1913). The relation of temperature to insect development. Tech Bull 7: 125.
Schuh RT, Slater JA (1995). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell University Press.
Şimşek Z (1986). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Süne (Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) ile yumurta parazitoidi (Trissolcus semistriatus Nees.) arasındaki bazı ilişkiler üzerinde araştırmalar. In: Türkiye I. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi Bildirileri, 1214 February 1986, Adana, Turkey, pp. 342-354 (in Turkish).
Şimşek Z, Yılmaz T (1992). Su ve besinin değişik kombinasyonları kullanılarak doğal koşullarda ve iklim odalarında yetiştirilen Süne (Eurygaster integriceps Put., Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) nimflerinin canlı kalma oranları ile sürelerinin belirlenmesi. In: Türkiye II. Entomoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 2831 January 1992, Adana, Turkey, pp. 433-445 (in Turkish).
Yiğit A, Doğanlar M, Sertkaya E, Evren N (2003). Şanlıurfada Süne, Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Het., Scutelleridae) örneklemesinde iki yöntemin karşılaştırılması. In: GAP III. Tarım Kongresi, Harran Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 23 October 2003, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, pp. 25-28 (in Turkish).