Physicochemical properties of Turkish green tea powder: effects of shooting period, shading, and clone

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of the green tea powders produced from 2 different Turkish tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze] clones (Derepazarı 7 and Fener) grown under different shade levels and harvested during 2 consecutive shooting periods. Moisture, ash, crude fiber, and total phenolic contents of the green tea powders were determined based on the experimental factors. Products were also evaluated for their water activity, bulk density, particle size, color, extraction yield, and antioxidant activity. The shooting period, specific to Turkish tea cultivation, showed remarkable effects on the main quality parameters of the green tea powders. It is noteworthy that the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the products did not change significantly with treatments. The green tea powder produced from Derepazarı 7 clone, grown under dark shade and harvested in the first shooting period, was superior among the tested parameters.

Physicochemical properties of Turkish green tea powder: effects of shooting period, shading, and clone

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of the green tea powders produced from 2 different Turkish tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze] clones (Derepazarı 7 and Fener) grown under different shade levels and harvested during 2 consecutive shooting periods. Moisture, ash, crude fiber, and total phenolic contents of the green tea powders were determined based on the experimental factors. Products were also evaluated for their water activity, bulk density, particle size, color, extraction yield, and antioxidant activity. The shooting period, specific to Turkish tea cultivation, showed remarkable effects on the main quality parameters of the green tea powders. It is noteworthy that the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the products did not change significantly with treatments. The green tea powder produced from Derepazarı 7 clone, grown under dark shade and harvested in the first shooting period, was superior among the tested parameters.

___

  • Andlauer W, Héritier J (2011). Rapid electrochemical screening of antioxidant capacity (RESAC) of selected tea samples. Food Chem 125: 1517–1520. Anesini C, Ferraro GE, Filip R (2008). Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of commercially available tea (Camellia sinensis) in Argentina. J Agr Food Chem 56: 9225–9229.
  • AOAC (1995). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. Washington, DC, USA.
  • Astill C, Birch MR, Dacombe C, Humphrey PG, Martin PT (2001). Factors affecting the caffeine and polyphenol contents of black and green tea infusions. J Agr Food Chem 49: 5340–5347.
  • Beristain CI, Garcia HS, Vernon-Carter EJ (2001). Spray-dried encapsulation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) essential oil with mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) gum. LWT - Food Sci Technol 34: 398–401.
  • Cabrera C, Artacho R, Gimenez R (2006). Beneficial effects of green tea—a review. J Am Coll Nutr 25: 79–99.
  • Dincer C, Topuz A, Sahin-Nadeem H, Ozdemir KS, Cam IB, Tontul I, Gokturk RS, Ay ST (2012). A comparative study on phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and essential oil content of wild and cultivated sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) as influenced by storage. Ind Crop Prod 39: 170–176.
  • Gadow AV, Joubert E, Hansmann CF (1997). Comparison of the antioxidant activity of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) with green, oolong and black tea. Food Chem 60: 73–77.
  • Gürses ÖL, Artık N (1987). Çay Analiz Yöntemleri. Ankara: Çay İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü Çaykur Yay (in Turkish).
  • Haraguchi Y, Imada Y, Sawamura S (2003). Production and characterization of fine matcha for processed food. J Jpn Soc Food Sci 50: 468–473.
  • Heiss ML (2008). Matcha; the gossamer tea powder of Japan. The Leaf 4: 20–24.
  • Higdon JV, Frei B (2003). Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions. Crit Rev Food Sci 43: 89–143.
  • Hirai M, Yoshikoshi H, Kitano M, Wakimizu K, Sakaida T, Yoshioka T, Nitabaru J, Nakazono K, Hayashi M, Maki T (2008). Production of value-added crop of green tea in summer under the shade screen net: canopy microenvironments. In: ISHS Acta Horticulturae 797: International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions, pp. 411–417.
  • Hu J, Chen Y, Ni D (2012). Effect of superfine grinding on quality and antioxidant property of fine green tea powders. LWT - Food Sci Technol 45: 8–12.
  • Jha S, Sharma R (2010). Physical, gravimetric and functional characterization of various milling fractions of popped gorgon nut (Euryale ferox). J Food Sci Tech Mys 47: 564–570.
  • Khokhar S, Magnusdottir SGM (2002). Total phenol, catechin, and caffeine contents of teas commonly consumed in the United Kingdom. J Agr Food Chem 50: 565–570.
  • Komes D, Horžić D, Belščak A, Ganić KK, Vulić I (2010). Green tea preparation and its influence on the content of bioactive compounds. Food Res Int 43: 167–176.
  • Ku KM, Choi JN, Kim J, Kim JK, Yoo LG, Lee SJ, Hong Y-S, Lee CH (2009). Metabolomics analysis reveals the compositional differences of shade grown tea (Camellia sinensis L.). J Agr Food Chem 58: 418–426.
  • Li N, Taylor LS, Mauer LJ (2011). Degradation kinetics of catechins in green tea powder: effects of temperature and relative humidity. J Agr Food Chem 59: 6082–6090.
  • Maeda A, Hibi Y, Hayakawa F (1999). The effects of chemical compounds contained in the tea leaves on the foamability of matcha. J Jpn Soc Food Sci 46: 842–845.
  • Maisuthisakul P, Suttajit M, Pongsawatmanit R (2007). Assessment of phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some Thai indigenous plants. Food Chem 100: 1409–1418.
  • Marques LG, Ferreira MC, Freire JT (2007). Freeze-drying of acerola (Malpighia glabra L.). Chem Eng Process 46: 451–457.
  • Ozdemir F, Gokalp HY, Nas S (1992). Influence of flushing period, different times within each flushing period and different processing methods on some quality parameters of black tea. Tea 13: 138–147.
  • Ozdemir F, Gokalp HY, Nas S (1993). Effects of shooting period, times within shooting periods and processing systems on the extract, caffeine and crude fiber contents of black tea. Z Lebensm Unters For 197: 358–362.
  • Park Y-S, Lee M-K, Heo B-G, Ham K-S, Kang S-G, Cho J-Y, Gorinstein S (2010). Comparison of the nutrient and chemical contents of traditional Korean chungtaejeon and green teas. Plant Food Hum Nutr 65: 186–191.
  • Pharn-Huy LAN, He H, Phamhuy C (2008). Green tea and health: an overview. J Food Agric Environ 6: 6–13.
  • Quek SY, Chok NK, Swedlund P (2007). The physicochemical properties of spray-dried watermelon powders. Chem Eng Process 46: 386–392.
  • Sawamura S, Haraguchi Y, Yasuda M, Matsusaka S (2009). Flowability properties of matcha varying with particle size and milling method. J Jpn Soc Food Sci 56: 103–107.
  • Sawamura S, Ichitani M, Ikeda H, Sonoda J (2012). Foaming property and foam diameter of matcha varies with particle size. J Jpn Soc Food Sci 59: 109–114.
  • Sawamurai S, Haraguchi Y, Ikeda H, Sonoda J (2010). Properties and shapes of matcha with various milling method. J Jpn Soc Food Sci 57: 304–309.
  • Škerget M, Kotnik P, Hadolin M, Hraš AR, Simonič M, Knez Ž (2005). Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 89: 191–198.
  • Śmiechowska M, Dmowski P (2006). Crude fibre as a parameter in the quality evaluation of tea. Food Chem 94: 366–368.
  • Tokunaga M (2004). New tastes in green tea: a novel flavor for familiar drinks, dishes, and desserts. Kodansha, USA.
  • Tontul I, Torun M, Dincer C, Sahin-Nadeem H, Topuz A, Turna T, Ozdemir F (2013). Comparative study on volatile compounds in Turkish green tea powder: impact of tea clone, shading level and shooting period. Food Res Int 53(2): 744–750.
  • Vinson JA, Dabbagh YA (1998). Tea phenols: antioxidant effectiveness of teas, tea components, tea fractions and their binding with lipoproteins. Nutr Res 18: 1067–1075.
  • Weiss DJ, Anderton CR (2003). Determination of catechins in matcha green tea by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1011: 173–180.
  • Yao L, Liu X, Jiang Y, Caffin N, D’Arcy B, Singanusong R, Datta N, Xu Y (2006). Compositional analysis of teas from Australian supermarkets. Food Chem 94: 115–122.
  • Yuan JM, Sun CL, Butler LM (2011). Tea and cancer prevention: epidemiological studies. Pharmacol Res 64: 123–135.
  • Zhang Z, Song H, Peng Z, Luo Q, Ming J, Zhao G (2012). Characterization of stipe and cap powders of mushroom (Lentinus edodes) prepared by different grinding methods. J Food Eng 109: 406–413.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-011X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Genetic comparison between natural and planted populations of Pinus brutia and Cupressus sempervirens in Syria

Batoul N. AL-HAWIJA, Viktoria WAGNER, Isabell HENSEN

Assessment of density-dependent feeding damage by the cotton dusky bug, Oxycarenus laetus Kirby (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in cotton

Muhammad Ahsan KHAN, Muhammad Dildar GOGI, Muhammad Hamid BASHIR

In vitro screening of octoploid Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria virginiana genotypes against iron defciency

Ayfer TORUN ALKAN, Yıldız KAÇAR AKA, Belgin BİÇEN, Sedat SERÇE, Nazife ERDEM

The choice of auxin analogue for in vitro root induction infuences post-induction root development in Eucalyptus grandis

David MYCOCK, Maria Paula WATT, Muhammad NAKHOODA

Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities in fruits of 6 sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) cultivars

Otakar ROP, Sezai ERCİŞLİ, Jiri MLCEK, Tunde JURIKOVA, İgnac HOZA

Possibilities for the use of whey in tel kadayıf (a Turkish dessert) production

Ferid AYDIN, Songül ÇAKMAKÇI

Bending moment capacity of simple and haunched mortise and tenon furniture joints under tension and compression loads

Javane OKTAEE, Ghanbar EBRAHIMI, Mohammad LAYEGHI, Mohammad GHOFRANI, Carl Albert ECKELMAN

Resistance of winter wheat to Heterodera flipjevi in Turkey

İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOĞLU, Halil TOKTAY, Mustafa İMREN, Gül ORAKCI ERGİNBAŞ, A. Abdelfattah DABABAT, Beyhan AKIN, Hans Joachim BRAUN, Susanne DREISIGACKER, Alexei MORGOUNOV

Effects of different irrigation methods and plant density on silage yield and yield components of PR 31Y43 hybrid corn cultivar

Muhammet KARAŞAHİN

Physicochemical properties of Turkish green tea powder: efects of shooting period, shading, and clone

Mehmet TORUN, İsmail TONTUL, Ayhan HAZNEDAR, Ayhan TOPUZ, Cüneyt DİNÇER, Hilal NADEEM ŞAHİN, Feramuz ÖZDEMİR