Vahdettin ÇİFTÇİ, Mustafa İMREN, Halil KÜTÜK, Şenol YILDIZ, Abdelfattah A. DABABAT

Occurrence and population dynamics of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei (Sher and Allen) on wheat in Bolu, Turkey

Root lesion nematodes (RLNs) are an economically important pest due to their wide host range in the global cropping system.In Turkey, they have been found in every region and attack almost all crops (especially wheat), causing significant damage. This studyinvestigated the occurrence and population dynamics of the root lesion nematode species Pratylenchus thornei on the winter wheatcultivar ‘Bayraktar’ under field conditions in Bolu Province. Surveys were conducted and a total of 145 root and soil samples werecollected. Pratylenchus thornei was detected in 25 soil samples (17.2% of the total samples). Field experiments revealed that P. thorneipopulations were at their lowest density during the winter (November to February), before gradually increasing to their maximum in Julyand then decreasing again during the dry summer periods. The number of nematodes was positively correlated with temperature, andthe nematode reproduction rate was between 0.8 and 4.6. When combined with integrated pest management strategies, the informationprovided by these results will be useful for suppressing the nematode population below the threshold level.

PDF

___

Al-Banna L, Ploeg AT, Williamson WM, Kaloshian I (2004). Discrimination of six Pratylenchus species using PCR and species specific primers. J Nematol 36:142-146.
Brown RH (1987). Control strategies in low-value crops. In: Brown RH, Kerry BR, editors. Principles and Practice of Nematode Control in Crops. London, UK: Academic Press, pp. 351-387.
Dababat A, Orakçı GE, Toktay H, İmren M, Akın B, Braun HJ, Dreisigacker S, Elekcioğlu İH, Morgunov AI (2014). Resistance of winter wheat to Heterodera filipjevi in Turkey. Turk J Agric For 38: 180-186.
Elekcioglu IH, Gözel U (1997). Effect of mixed populations of Paratrophurus acristylus, Pratylenchus thornei and Paratylenchus sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) on yield parameters of wheat in Turkey. J Nematol 7: 212-220.
Gözel U, Elekçioğlu IH (2005). Effect of managing plant parasitic nematodes on growth of wheat varieties in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Pak J Nematol 23: 289-296.
Handoo ZA, Golden AM (1989). A key and diagnostic compendium to the species of the genus Pratylenchus filipjev (lesion nematodes). J Nematol 21: 202-218.
Holterman M, Van Der Wurff A, Van Den Elsen Y, Van Megen H (2006). Phylum-wide analysis of SSU rDNA reveals deep phylogenetic relationships among nematodes and accelerated evolution toward crown clades. Mol Biol Evol 13: 1792-1800.
Hooper DJ (1986). Extraction of Free Living Stages from Soil. In Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Southey JF, editor), London, UK: CAB International, pp. 5-30.
İmren M, Elekcioğlu İH (2008). Determination of plant parasitic nematodes in vegetable, wheat and grapvine fields in Diyarbakır Province. CU J Sci Engineer 17: 116-121 (article in Turkish with an abstract in English).
Kepenekçi İ (2012). Nematology: Plant Parasitic and Entomopathogen Nematodes. 1st ed. Ankara, Turkey: Department of Training, Extension and Publications, Series of Agricultural Sciences.
Mısırlıoğlu B, Pehlivan E (2007). Investigations on effects on plant growth and determination of plant parasitic nematodes found in wheat fields in the Aegean and Marmara Regions. Plant Protect Bull 47: 13-29.
Moody EH, Lownsbery BF, Ahmet JM (1973). Culture of the rootlesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus on carrot disks. J Nematol 5: 225-226.
Nicol JM, Rivoal R (2008). Global knowledge and its application for the integrated control and management of nematodes on wheat. In: Ciancio A, Mukerji KG, editors. Integrated Management and Biocontrol of Vegetable and Grain Crops Nematodes. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer, pp. 243-287.
Orion D, Amir J, Krikun J (1984). Field observation on Pratylenchus thornei and its effects on wheat under arid conditions. Revue Nematol 7: 341-345.
Sahin E, Nicol JM., Yorgancılar A, Elekcioğlu İH, Tülek A, Yıldırım AF, Bolat N (2008). Seasonal variation of field populations of Heterodera filipjevi, Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus on winter wheat in Turkey. Nematol Mediterr 36: 51-56.
Söğüt MA, Devran Z (2011). Distribution and molecular identification of root lesion nematodes in temperate fruit orchards of Turkey. Nematropica 41: 91-99.
Subbotin SA, Ragsdale EJ, Mullens T, Roberts PA, Mundo-Ocampo M, Baldwin JG (2008). A pylogenetic framework for root lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda): evidence from 18S and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S ribomosal RNA genes and morphological characters. Mol Phylogenet Evol 48: 491-505.
Subbotin SA, Sturhan D, Rumpenhorst HJ, Moens M (2003). Molecular and morphological characterization of the Heterodera avenae species complex (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Nematology 5: 515-538.
Taheri A, Hollamby GJ, Vanstone VA (1994). Interaction between root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Chitwood and Oteifa and root rotting fungi of wheat. Crop Hortic Sci 22: 181-185.
The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) 2016. Online: http://faostat.fao.org (Accessed February 2016).
Toktay H, McIntyre L, Nicol JM, Ozkan H, Elekcioglu HI (2006). Identification of common root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher et Allen) loci in bread wheat. Genome 49: 1319- 1323.
Troccoli A, Luca De F, Hando ZA, Vito Di M (2008). Morphological and molecular characterization of Pratylenchus lentis n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) from Sicily. J Nematol 40: 190- 196.
Tülek A, Kepenekçi I, Çobanoğlu S, Hekimhan H, Devran Z, Melik B, Elekcioğlu İH (2009). A new multiplication method of rice white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoidiae), on carrot discs. Russian J Nematol 17: 135-136.
Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) (2016). Ankara, Turkey (http://www.mgm.gov.tr/en-us/about.aspx) (Access date: July, 2016).
Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2016). Ankara, Turkey (www.turkstat.gov.tr) (Access date: April, 2016).
Vanstone VA, Rathjen AJ, Ware AH, Wheeler RD (1998). Relationship between root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei) and performance of wheat varieties. Aust J Exp Agric 38: 181-188.
Waeyenberge L, Ryss A, Moens M, Pinochet J, Vrain TC (2000) Molecular characteristisation of 18 Pratylenchus species using rDNA restriction fragment lengt polymorphism. Nematology 2: 135-142.
Yildiz S (2012). Rotational and nematicidal effect of lupine (Lupinus albus L.: Leguminosae). Afr J Biotechnol 10: 13252-13255.
Yu Q (1997). First report of Pratylenchus thornei from spring wheat in southern Ontario. Can J Plant Pathol, 19: 289-292.