Macro- and micromineral contents of different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties used as forage by cattle
Macro- and micromineral contents of different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties used as forage by cattle
Mineral deficiencies or mineral excess affect livestock production in most regions of the world. For this reason, it is importantto know the mineral contents of forages used in animal feeding. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), which has become a populargrain crop around the world in recent years, is used as forage in animal feeding. This study was carried out to determine the contents ofmacro- and microminerals and mineral balance in 9 different quinoa varieties. The results of the study indicated that mineral contentsof forages show great variation between quinoa varieties. The Cherry Vanilla variety is rich in all minerals except for molybdenum.Potassium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and boron concentration in all quinoa varieties are sufficient to meet therequirements of beef cattle. In contrast, sulfur is insufficient in all varieties. The contents of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium showdeficiencies in some varieties. Although there is usually no risk of tetany (K/Ca + Mg) and milk fever (Ca/P) in quinoa forage, thesemineral imbalances may be observed depending on variety
___
- AOAC (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official
Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Washington, DC, USA: pp. 66-
88.
- Arthington JD (2002). Mineral supplementation in the grazing
cow herd. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Florida Ruminant
Nutrition Symposium. pp. 103-112.
- Aydin I, Uzun F (2008). The possibility of compensating potential
tetany hazard arising from N and K fertilization to rangelands
by Mg treatments. European Journal of Agronomy 29 (1): 33-
37. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2008.02.003
- Baskota S, Islam A (2017). Evaluation of forage nutritive value of
quinoa cultivars. Field Days Bulletin, LREC Long Reports.
- Bhargava A, Shukla S, Ohri D (2010). Mineral composition in foliage
of some cultivated and wild species of Chenopodium. Spanish
Journal of Agricultural Research 8 (2): 371-376.
- Bindari YR, Shrestha S, Shrestha N, Gaire TN (2013). Effects of
nutrition on reproduction – a review. Advances in Applied
Science Research 4 (1): 421-429.
- Debski B, Gralak MA, Bertrandt J, Klos A (2013). Minerals and
polyphenols content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
plant. Problemy Higieny Epidemiologii 94: 300-304.
- Debski B, Gralak MA, Bertrandt J, Klos A (2018). Comparison of
antioxidant potential and mineral composition of quinoa and
lamb’s quarters weed (Chenopodium album). Problemy Higieny
Epidemiologii 99 (1): 88-93.
- Espinoza JE, McDowell LR, Wilkinson N S, Conrad JH, Martin FG
(1991). Monthly variation of forage and soil minerals in central
Florida. I. Micronutrients. Communications in Soil Science
and Plant Analysis 22: 1123-1136.
- FAO (2004). Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition.
2nd ed. World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations. Report of joint FAO/
WHO expert consultation.
- Geren H (2015). Effects of different nitrogen levels on the grain yield
and some yield components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa
Willd.) under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Turkish
Journal of Field Crops 20 (1): 59-64. doi: 10.17557/.39586
- Geren H, Kavut YT, Altınbaş M (2015). Effect of different row
spacings on the grain yield and some yield characteristics
of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under Bornova
ecological conditions. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi
52 (1): 69-78 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
- Jacobsen SE, Jorgensen I, Stolen O (1994). Cultivation of quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa) under temperate climatic conditions in
Denmark. The Journal of Agricultural Science 122: 47-52. doi:
10.1017/S0021859600065783
- Jacobsen SE, Mmujica A, Jensen CR (2003). The resistance of quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to adverse abiotic factors. Food
Reviews International 19: 99-109.
- Kakabouki I, Bilalis D, Karkanis A, Zervas G, Tsiplakou E et al.
(2014). Effects of fertilization and tillage system on growth
and crude protein content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa
Willd.): an alternative forage crop. Emirates Journal of Food
and Agriculture 26 (1): 18-24. doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v26i1.16831
- Kayser M, Isselstein J (2005). Potassium cycling and losses in
grassland systems: a review. Grass and Forage Science 60 (3):
213-224. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00478
- Köglberger B (2013). Study on mineral metabolism of dairy
cows. Szent Istvan University Faculty of Veterinary Science,
Department of Animal Hygiene, Budapest, Hungary.
- Mertens D (2005). AOAC official method 975.03. In: Horwitz W,
Latimer GW (editors). Metal in Plants and Pet Foods. Official
Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Gaitherburg, MD, USA: AOACInternational Suite, pp. 3-4.
- Mills CF, Bremner I (1980). Nutritional aspects of molybdenum
in animals. In: Coughlan MP (editor). Molybdenum and
Molybdenum-Containing Enzymes. Oxford, UK: Pergamon
Press, pp. 517-542.
- Nielsen FH (1997). Boron in human and animal nutrition. Plant and
Soil 193: 199-208.
- NRC (2000). Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle – Update 2000.
7th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press.
- NRC (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th revised ed.
Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press.
- Nurfeta A, Tolera A, Eik LO, Sundstol F (2008). Yield and mineral
content of ten enset (Ensete ventricosum) varieties. Tropical
Animal Health and Production 40: 299-309.
- Patel VR, Kansara JD, Patel BB, Patel PB, Patel SB (2011). Prevention
of milk fever: Nutritional Applied Veterinary World 4 (6): 278-
280.
- Podkowka Z, Gesinski K, Podkowka L (2018). The influence
of additives facilitating ensiling on the quality of quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) silage. Journal of Central
European Agriculture 19 (3): 607-614. doi: 10.5513/
jcea01/19.3.2237
- Sharma KD, Bindal G, Rathour R, Rana JC (2012). β-Carotene and
mineral content of different Chenopodium species and the
effect of cooking on micronutrient retention. International
Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 63 (3): 290-295. doi:
10.3109/09637486.2011.624493
- Sönmez O, Turan V, Kaya C (2016). The effects of sulfur, cattle, and
poultry manure addition on soil phosphorus. Turkish Journal
of Agriculture and Forestry 40: 536-541. doi: 10.3906/tar-1601-
41
- Swift ML, Bittman S, Hunt DE, Kowalenko CG (2007). The effect
of formulation and amount of potassium fertilizer on
macromineral concentration and cation-anion difference in
tall fescue. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 1063-1072.
- Tan M, Temel S (2017). Determination of dry matter yield and some
properties of different quinoa genotypes grown in Erzurum
and Iğdır conditions. Igdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Dergisi 7 (4): 257-263 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
doi: 10.21597/jist.2017.219
- Uke O, Kale H, Kaplan M, Kamalak A (2017). Effects of maturity
stages on hay yield and quality, gas and methane production
of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). KSU Doğa Bilimleri
Dergisi 20 (1): 42-46 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
doi: 10.18016/ksujns.51209
- Underwood EJ, Suttle NF (1999). The Mineral Nutrition of
Livestock. 3rd ed. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing,
CAB International.
- Zelal A (2017). Hypomagnesemia tetany in cattle. Advances in Dairy
Research 5: 2-9. doi: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000178