Perspective Regulatory Framework on Health Claim of Tea-Mini Review

Perspective Regulatory Framework on Health Claim of Tea-Mini Review

Tea is a popular beverage with potential health benefits for those who consume it regularly. Tea products with health claims require scientific evidence based on clinical trials with generally accepted scientific data and newly developed scientific data. Tea products have been labelled FOSHU in Japan, claiming to reduce body fat and cardiovascular risk. In The USA, health claims on tea cannot be recommended and categorized as Qualified Health Claims. In Europe, health claims for tea still required further research to provide accepted scientific data. This review aims to explain the position of tea products based on the perspective of the regulatory framework of food health claims in the different official agencies in the United States, Europe, and Japan

___

  • Arai S. 2000. ‘Functional food science in Japan: State of the art’, BioFactors, 12(1-4): 13–16. doi: 10.1002/biof.5520120103.
  • Berhaupt-Glickstein A. et al. 2014. ‘The evolution of language complexity in qualified health claims’, Food Policy, 47:62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.04.005.
  • Berhaupt-Glickstein A, Hooker NH, Hallman WK. 2019. ‘Qualified health claim language affects purchase intentions for green tea products in the united states’, Nutrients, 11(4). doi: 10.3390/nu11040921.
  • Bo’ et al. 2019. ‘Systematic Review on Polyphenol Intake and Health Outcomes: Is there Sufficient Evidence to Define a Health-Promoting Polyphenol-Rich Dietary Pattern?’, Nutrients, 11(6): 1355. doi: 10.3390/nu11061355.
  • De Boer A, Bast A. 2015. ‘International legislation on nutrition and health claims’, Food Policy, 55: 61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.06.002.
  • Codex A. 2009. ‘General guidelines on claims’, CAC/GL 1-1979, (Adopted 1979. Revised 1991. Amended 2009).
  • Codex A. 2013. ‘Guidelines for use of nutrition and health claims’, CAC/GL 23-1997, (Adopted in 1997. Revised in 2004. Amended in 2001, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. Annex adopted 2009).
  • Dekant W. et al. 2017. ‘Safety assessment of green tea-based beverages and dried green tea extracts as nutritional supplements’, Toxicology Letters, 277(June): 104-108. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.06.008.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N. and A. (NDA) 2008. ‘Black tea from Camellia sinensis and helps to focus attention - Scientific substantiation of a health claim related to black tea from Camellia sinensis and helps to focus attention, pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006’, EFSA Journal, 6(12): 906. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2008.906.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N. and A. (NDA) (2010a). ‘Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea), including catechins from green tea, and contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 1107, 1112, 1544, 2716), increased’, EFSA Journal, 8(10): 1791. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1791.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N. and A. (NDA) (2010b). ‘Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea), including catechins in green tea and tannins in black tea, and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1103, 1276, 1311, 170’, EFSA Journal, 8(2): 1463. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1463.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N. and A. (NDA) (2011a). ‘Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea), including catechins in green tea, and improvement of endothelium- dependent vasodilation (ID 1106, 1310), maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 131’, EFSA Journal, 9(4): 2055. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2055.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N. and A. (NDA) (2011b). ‘Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in combination with caffeine, and contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 1800) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation’, EFSA Journal, 9(4): 2058. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2058.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N. and A. (NDA) (2011c). ‘Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to L-theanine from Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea) and improvement of cognitive function (ID 1104, 1222, 1600, 1601, 1707, 1935, 2004, 2005), alleviation of psychological stress (ID 159’, EFSA Journal, 9(6): 2238. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2238.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N. and A. (NDA), Turck, D. Bresson JL. Burlingame B. Dean T. Fairweather-Tait S. Heinonen M. Hirsch-Ernst KI. Mangelsdorf I. et al., 2018. ‘Black tea and improvement of attention: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006’, EFSA Journal, 16(5). doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5266.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products N. and A. (NDA), Turck, D. Bresson JL. Burlingam, B. Dean T. Fairweather-Tait S. Heinonen M. Hirsch-Ernst KI. Mangelsdor I. et al., 2018. ‘Black tea and maintenance of normal endothelium- dependent vasodilation: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006’, EFSA Journal, 16(1): 1–11. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5138.
  • EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food (ANS) et al., 2018. ‘Scientific opinion on the safety of green tea catechins’, EFSA Journal, 16(4): 5239. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5239.
  • Engelhardt UH. 2010. ‘Chemistry of tea’, in Comprehensive Natural Products II: Chemistry and Biology, pp. 999-1032. doi: 10.1016/B978-008045382-8.00089-7.
  • EFSA, 2009. European Food Safety Authority. ‘EFSA Scientific Cooperation (ESCO) Working Group on Botanicals and Botanical Preparations; Advice on the EFSA guidance document for the safety assessment of botanicals and botanical preparations intended for use as food supplements, based on real case stu’, EFSA Journal, 7(9): 1-104. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.280.
  • FDA, 2013. A Food Labeling Guide Giudance for industry. Available at: www.fda.gov/FoodLabelingGuide.
  • FDA US, 2006. Qualified Health Claims: Letter of Denial - Green Tea and Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (Docket No. 2005Q-. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/%0ALabelingNutrition/ ucm073207.htm.
  • FDA US, 2011. Letter Responding to Health Claim Petition dated January 27: 2004: Green Tea and Reduced Risk of Cancer Health Claim (Docket number FDA-2004-Q-0427).
  • Gonz C, Gil-gonz D, Carlos A. 2018. ‘Scientific Evidence on Functional Food and Its Commercial Communication: A Review of Legislation in Europe and the USA’, Journal of Food Science, 83(11): 2710–2717. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14359.
  • Hajra NG, Yang CWM. 2015. ‘Diversification of the Tea Products Global Scenario’, Journal of Tea Science Research, 5(3): 1-12. doi: 10.5376/jtsr.2015.05.0003.
  • Hsu TF. et al. 2006. ‘Polyphenol-enriched oolong tea increases fecal lipid excretion’, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60(11): 1330-1336. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602464.
  • Hu J. et al. 2018. ‘The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults – Results of a systematic review’, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 95(March): 412- 433. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.019.
  • Hung Y, Verbeke W. 2019. ‘Consumer evaluation, use and health relevance of health claims in the European Union’, Food Quality and Preference, 74(December 2017): 88-99. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.01.002
  • International tea Committee (ITC) 2021. Annual Bulletin Statistic 2021. London, UK.
  • Iwatani S, Yamamoto N. 2019. ‘Functional food products in Japan: A review’, Food Science and Human Wellness, 8(2): 96–101. doi: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.011.
  • Jain A. et al. 2013. ‘Tea and human health: The dark shadows’, Toxicology Letters, 220(1): 82-87. doi: 10.1016/j. toxlet.2013.04.010.
  • Kamioka H. et al. 2017. ‘Quality of systematic reviews of the Foods with Function Claims registered at the Consumer Affairs Agency Web site in Japan: a prospective systematic review’, Nutrition Research, 40: 21-31. doi: 10.1016/j. nutres.2017.02.008.
  • Koe T. 2019. Suntory reveals top five functional beverage trends shaping Japan’s market, Beverage daily.com. Available at: https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2019/06/17/Suntory -reveals-top-five-functional-beverage-trends-shaping-Japan- s-market (Accessed: 27 September 2019).
  • Lalor F, Wall PG. 2011. ‘Health claims regulations: Comparison between USA, Japan and European Union’, British Food Journal, 113(2): 298–313. doi: 10.1108/000707011111 05358.
  • Maeda-Yamamoto M. 2017. ‘Development of functional agricultural products and use of a new health claim system in Japan’, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 69: 324- 332. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.011.
  • Murray M. et al. 2015. ‘Green tea catechins and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Should a health claim be made by the United States Food and Drug Administration?’, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 41(2): 188-197. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.10.004.
  • Nagao T, Hase T, Tokimitsu I. 2007. ‘A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans’, Obesity, 15(6): 1473-1483. doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.176.
  • Nagata J, Yamada K. 2008. ‘Foods with Health Claims in Japan’, Food Science and Technology Research, 14(6): 519-524. doi: 10.3136/fstr.14.519.
  • Naveed M. et al. 2018. ‘Pharmacological values and therapeutic properties of black tea (Camellia sinensis): A comprehensive overview’, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 100(February): 521-531. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018. 02.048.
  • Pang J. et al. 2016. ‘Green tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases: A meta- analysis’, International Journal of Cardiology, 202: 967-974. doi: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2014.12.176.
  • Prawira-Atmaja MI, Rohdiana D. 2018. ‘Diversification of Tea Based Products in the Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industry’, Perspektif, 17(2): 150-165. doi: 10.21082/psp. v17n2.2018.150-165.
  • Probst Y, Guan V, Kent K. 2018. ‘A systematic review of food composition tools used for determining dietary polyphenol intake in estimated intake studies’, Food Chemistry, 238: 146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.010.
  • Sanlier N, Gokcen BB, Altuğ M. 2018. ‘Tea consumption and disease correlations’, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 78(June): 95-106. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05 .026.
  • Shimizu T. 2003. ‘Health claims on functional foods: The Japanese regulations and an international comparison’, Nutrition Research Reviews, 16(2): 241–252. doi: 10.1079/nrr200363.
  • Da Silva Pinto M. 2013. ‘Tea: A new perspective on health benefits’, Food Research International, 53(2): 558-567. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.038.
  • Suntory 2015. Novel type of suntory black oolong tea (FOSHU), Suntory Beverage and Food. Available at: https://www.suntory.com/softdrink/news/pr/d/SBF0229.htm l (Accessed: 10 October 2019).
  • Suntory 2017. Launch of Suntory Tokucha Jasmine (FOSHU), Suntory Beverage and Food. Available at: https://www.suntory.com/softdrink/news/pr/article/SBF0534 E.html (Accessed: 10 October 2019).
  • Takahashi M. et al. 2019. ‘Effects of timing of acute catechin-rich green tea ingestion on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy men’, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 73: 108221. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108221.
  • Tanemura N, Hamadate N, Urushihara H. 2017. ‘The need for consumer science and regulatory science research on functional foods with health claims - What should we do to harmonize science and technology with society?’, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 67: 280-283. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.07.014.
  • Tang GY. et al. 2019. ‘Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of tea components: An update review’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(24): 1–38. doi: 10.3390/ijms20246196.
  • Tauber AL, Schweiker SS, Levonis SM. 2020. ‘From tea to treatment; epigallocatechin gallate and its potential involvement in minimizing the metabolic changes in cancer’, Nutrition Research, 74: 23–36. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.12.004.
  • The European Parliment and the Council of the European Union 2006. ‘REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods’, Official Journal of the European Union, 49(L404): pp. 9-25. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri= CELEX:32006R1924&from=EN%0Ahttp://eur-lex.europa. eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32006R1924 &from=en
  • Türközü D, Şanlier N. 2017. ‘L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety’, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(8): 1681–1687. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1016141.
  • Wang H, Provan GJ, Helliwell K. 2000. ‘Tea flavonoids: Their functions, utilisation and analysis’, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 11(4–5): 152-160. doi: 10.1016/S0924- 2244(00)00061-3.
  • Williamson G, Holst B. 2008. ‘Dietary reference intake (DRI) value for dietary polyphenols: Are we heading in the right direction?’, British Journal of Nutrition, 99(SUPPL. 3): 55– 58. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508006867.
  • Yamada K. et al. 2008. ‘Health Claim Evidence Requirements in Japan’, The Journal of Nutrition, 138(6): 1192S-1198S. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.6.1192s.
  • Zhang H. et al. 2018. ‘Effect of tea products on the in vitro enzymatic digestibility of starch’, Food Chemistry, 243(May 2017): 345-350. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.138
Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2148-127X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Aylık
  • Başlangıç: 2013
  • Yayıncı: Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP)
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Live Weight Prediction in Norduz Sheep Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Cihan Çakmakçı

Determining The Feed Value, Feed Quality, and in Vitro Fermentation Properties of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) Harvested in Different Periods

Esra Gürsoy, Ali Kaya, Gürkan Sezmiş

The Solution of Multicollinearity Problem via Biased Regression Analysis in Southern Anatolian Red Cattle

Hatice Hızlı

Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) in The Preservation of Merguez, A Traditional Algerian Sausage

Abed Hanane, Rouag Noureddine, Nasri Meriem

Alkali Extraction of Dietary Fiber from Trigonella-foenum graecum L. Seeds (Dietary Fiber of Fenugreek Seeds)

İzzet Türker, Hilal İşleroğlu, Sedanur Daştan

The Effect of Roasting on Volatile Compounds of Ground Coffee and Turkish Coffee Brew

Ceyda Dadalı

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Pathogenicity

Nida Nur Urgancı, Gamze Koçer Alaşalvar, Zeliha Yıldırım, Nazife Yılmaz

Pathogenicity test of Sclerotium rolfsii isolates causing foot and root rot disease of betelvine (Piper betle L.)

Md. Hafizur Rahman, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Muhammad Mahbub Alam Patwary, F. M. Aminuzzaman, M. Zakaria Masud, Kallol Das

Suitability of Different Water Sources for Irrigation in Floodplain Areas of Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria for Sustainable Crop Production

Abednego Christopher, Philip Hegarty James, Adashu Tanko Gani

Performance of a Metering Unit Equipped with a Fluted Roll for Seeding Coriander Seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Adnan Değirmencioğlu, Hürkan Tayfun Varol