Effects of Pre-Starter Feeds Prepared Using Different Sugar Sources on Performance, Carcass Parameters, Internal Organ Development, Intestinal Development and Microbial Load in Broilers

The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of pre-starter feed prepared using different sugar sources on the performance, carcass parameters, internal organs and intestinal development, microbial load in broilers. In total, 360 newly hatched chicks divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replicates. 18 chicks with similar live weights (9 male, 9 female) were used for each replicate. Control or pre-starter feeds (containing %14 saccharose, %14 dextrose, or %7 saccharose+ %7 dextrose) were used for the feeding of the groups. For the feeding of the control group, standard chick starter feed was used for the first 5 days; for the treatment groups, the pre-starter feeds prepared were used. For the rest of the trial period, all groups were subjected to standard feeding. A significant difference was observed among groups with regards to live weight gain and feed conversion rate during the first four weeks of the study; however, this effect disappeared over the last week. In addition, it was determined that any differences observed with regards to carcass parameters other than hot and cold carcass weights, internal organ development aside from proventriculus, intestinal development and microbial load were not significant. It was concluded that the pre-starter feed prepared with saccharose and/or dextrose did not show the expected effe

PDF

___

Akiba Y, Murakami H. 1995. Partitioning of energy and protein during early growth of broiler chicks and contribution of vitelline residue. In: Proc. 10th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, 45-52.
Ao Z, Kocher A, Choct M. 2012. Effects of dietary additives and early feeding on performance, gut development and immune status of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Asian Australian Journal Animal Science, 25:541–551. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11378
Apajalahti J. 2004. Structure and dietary modulation of intestinal microbial communities. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mid- Atlantic Nutrition Conference, Timonium, MD, USA.
Apajalahti JH, Kettunen H, Kettunen A, Holben WE, Nurminen PH, Rautonen N, Mutanen M. 2002. Culture-independent microbial community analysis reveals that inulin in the diet primarily affects previously unknown bacteria in the mouse cecum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(49):86–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.10.4986- 4995.2002
Aviagen, 2018. Ross broiler management handbook: preface. Huntsville, AL, USA.
Bellaver C, Costa CAF, Avila VS, Fraha M, Lima GJMM, Hackenhar L, Baldi P. 2005. Substituição de farinhas de origem animal por ingredientes de origem vegetal em dietas para frangos de corte. Ciência Rural, 35(3):671-677.
Durmuş M. 2018. Etlik piliç civciv kalitesi ve ön-başlatma yemi uygulamasının besi performansına ve karkas ön-başlatma yemi uygulamasının besi performansına ve karkas özelliklerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tez Çalışması. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Türkiye.
Ebling PD, Kessler AM, Villanueva AP, Pontalti GC, Farina G, Ribeiro AML. 2015. Rice and soy protein isolate in pre-starter diets for broilers. Poultry Science, 94:2744-2752. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev279
Evren Ş. 2020. Anadolu-T ve Ross 308 Etlik civciv hibritlerinin besi performansı ve karkas özellikleri üzerine ön-başlatma yemi uygulamasının etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tez Çalışması, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Türkiye.
Fagundes NS, Pereira R, Bortoluzzi C, Rafael JM, Napty GS, Barbosa JGM, Sciencia MGM, Menten JFM. 2017. Replacing corn with sorghum in the diet alters intestinalmicrobiota without altering chicken performance. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 101:371–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12614
Ficinine VI, Ocmanyan AK, Mahdavi R and Egorov IA. 2017. Nutrient density of prestarter diets from 1 to 10 days of age affects intestinal morphometry, enzyme activity, serum indices and performance of broiler chickens. Animal nutrition, 3:258- 265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017. 06.005
Garcia AR, Batal AB, Dale NM. 2006. Biological availability of phosphorus sources in prestarter and starter diets for broiler chicks. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 15(4):518- 524. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/15.4.518
Geyra A, Uni Z, Sklan D. 2001. Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the posthatch chick. Poultry Science, 80:776-782. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.6.776
ICMSF, 1982. (International Commissionon Microbiological Specification for Food). Microorganisms in Foods. Their Significance and Method of Enumeration. 2nd ed, eds. RP. Elliott, DS. Clark, KH. Lewis, H. Lundbeck, JC. Olsenand J. B. Simonsen, Vol. 1, University of Toronto Pres, London.
ICMSF, Microorganisms in Foods. Sampling for Microbiological Analysis: Principles and Scientific Applications, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, pp. 181-196.
Iji PA, Saki A, Tivey DR. 2001. Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 1. Intestinal weight and mucosal development. British Poultry Science, 42:505-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120073151
Ivanovich F, Karlovich OA, Mahdavi R, Afanasyevich EI. 2017. Nutrient density of prestarter diets from 1 to10 days of age affects intestinal morphometry, enzyme, serum indices and performance of broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition, 3(3):258- 265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.005
Jeurissen SH, Lewis F, Van der Klis JD, Mroz Z, Rebel JM, Ter Huurne AA. 2002. Parameters and techniques to determine intestinal health of poultry as constituted by immunity, integrity, and functionality. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology, 3:1–14.
Jha R, Singh AK, Yadav S, Berrocoso JFD, Mishra B. 2019. Early nutrition programming (in ovo and post-hatch feeding) as a strategy to modulate gut health of poultry. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6:1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets. 2019.00082
Kutlu HR ve Kutay H. 2020. Pelet yem kullanımının broylerlerde performans üzerine etkileri. İnfovet, 200: 52-71.
Laboisssiere M. 2008. Valor nutricional de farinhas de penas e sangue e de vísceras e ossos para frangos de corte. 70f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Animal)- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia.
Lamot D. 2017. First week nutrition for broiler chickens. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.18174/403639
Leeson S. 2008. Predictions for commercial poultry nutrition. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17:315-322. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2007-00101
Longo FA, Menten JFM, Pedroso AA, Figueiredo AN, Racanicci AMC, Sorbara JOB. 2007. Performance and carcass composition of broilers fed different carbohydrate and protein sources in the prestarter phase. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16(2):171- 177. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/ 16.2.171
Mahdavi R, Karlovich OA, Ficinine VI. 2017. Effects of supplying time of prestarter on subsequent broiler performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry. Animal Husbandry, 43:326-331.
Maiorka A, Dahlke F, Morgulis MSFA. 2006. Broiler adaptation to post-hatching period. Ciência Rural, 36:701-708. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782006000200057
Nabizadeh A, Golian A, Hassanabadi A, Zerehdaran S. 2017. Effects of nutrient density and exogenous enzymesin starter diet on performance, intestinal microflora, gut morphology and immune response of broiler chickens. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 19 (3):509-518. https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0501
Nabizadeh A, Golian A, Hassanabadi A, Zerehdaran S. 2018. Effects of isolated soy protein and broken rice incorn-soy pre- starter diet on performance, intestinal microflora, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 27:133–144. https://doi.org/10.3382/ japr/pfx025
Noy Y, Uni Z. 2010. Early nutritional strategies. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 66:639-646. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0 043933910000620
Noy Y, Sklan D. 1998. Yolk utilisation in the newly hatched poultry. British Poultry Science, 39:446–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669889042
Omede AA, Iji PA. 2018. Response of broiler chickens to processed soy protein product when offered at different inclusion levels in mash or crumbled prestarter diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 27(2):159-171. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfx048
Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Azzam MM, Al-Garadi MA, Albaadani HH, Alhidary IA, Aljumaah RS. 2021. Growth performance, serum biochemical ındices, duodenal histomorphology, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens fed on diets supplemented with cinnamon bark powder at prestarter and starter phases. Animals, 11:94. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010094
Romanoff AL. 1960. The avian embriyo structual and functional development. The Macmillan Company. New York.
Sakamoto K, Hirose H, Onızuka A, Hayashi M, Futamura N, Kawamura Y, Ezaki T. 2000. Quantitative study of changes in intestinal morphology and mucus gel on total parenteral nutrition in rats. The Journal of Surgical Research, 94: 99– 106. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsre.2000.5937
Saki A. 2005. Effect of post-hatch feeding on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(1):4- 6. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.4.6
SAS Institue 1996. SAS Users Guide, Statistics. (SAS Version 5th Edition).
Seale DR, Pahlow G, Spoelstra SF, Lindgren S, Dellaglio F, Lowe JF. 1990. Methods for the microbiological analysis of silage. p. 147–164. In S. Lindgren and K.L. Petterson (ed.) Proceedings of the EUROBAC Conference. Uppsala. 1986. Grovfoder Grass and Forage Reports, Special Issue 3. Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sell JL, Angel CR, Piquer FJ, Mallarino EG, Al-Batshan HA. 1991. Developmental patterns of selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of young turkeys. Poultry Science, 70:1200-1205.
Shang Y, Kumar S, Oakley B, Kim WK. 2018. Chicken gut microbiata: Importance and detection technology. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5(254): 1-11.
Sousa RF, Leandro NSM, Carvalho FB, Stringhini JH, Cafe MB, Jardim Filho RM and Rezende PM. 2021: Pre-starter feed thermally processed to feed broiler chicks. Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, 22: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402122102021
Tabeidian SA, Toghyani M, Toghyani A, Barekatain MR, Toghyani M. 2015. Effect of pre-starter diet ingredients and moisture content on performance, yolk sac utilization and small intestine morphology in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 43(2):157-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2014.928633
Ullah MS, Pasha TN, Ali Z, Khattak FM. 2012. Effects of different pre-starter diets on broiler performance, gastro intestinal tract morphometry and carcass yield. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(3):570-575.
Uni Z, Ferket PR. 2004. Methods for early nutrition and their potential. World's Poultry Science Journal, 60:101-111, 2004. doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20038
Uni Z, Ferket PR. 2003. Enhancement of development of oviparious species by in ovo feeding. US Patent 6:592 878. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (Israel).
Uni Z, Geyra A, Ben-Hur H, Sklan D. 2000. Small intestinal development in the young chick: crypt formation and enterocyte proliferation and migration. British Poultry Science, 41: 544-551. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007166002 0009054
Uni Z, Noy Y, Sklan D. 1995. Posthatch changes in morphology and function of small intestines in heavy- and light-strain chicks. Poultry Science, 74: 1622-1629. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0741622
Utzschneider KM, Kratz M, Damman CJ, Hullarg M. 2016. Mechanisms linking the gut microbiome and glucose metabolism. Journal of Clin. Endocrinol Metabolism, 101(4): 1445-1454.
Ünsal İ. 2004. Erken dönem besleme uygulamalarının etlik civcivlerin gelişimine etkileri. Doktora Tezi. Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.
Xavier SAG, Stringhini JH, Brito AB, Café MB, Leandro SM, Andrade MA, Laboissière M. 2012. Poultry viscera and bone meal in broiler pre-starter and starter diets. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(4): 934-940. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516- 35982012000400015.