Yeniden önem kazanan arboviral enfeksiyon etkeni: Zika virüs

Zika virüs (ZIKV), ilk olarak 1947 yılında Uganda'da bir Rhesus maymunundan izole edilen Flavivirus cinsine ait bir arbovirüs (artropod kaynaklı virüs)'tür. Bulaş, çoğunlukla Culicidae ailesi ve Aedes cinsi (çoğunlukla Aedes aegypti) sivrisinekler tarafından olmaktadır. Insan-dışı primatlar ve muhtemelen kemirgenler rezervuar olarak rol oynamaktadır. Semptomlar (ateş, makulopapüler döküntü, eklem ağrısı ve konjoktivit) sivrisinek ısırığı sonrası genellikle üç ila 12 gün sonra kuluçka döneminden sonra görülür. Asemptomatik vakalar sıktır. Son yıllarda, virolojik çalışmalar hastalığın Afrika, Asya ve Pasifik Okyanusya'da tanımlandığını göstermektedir. 2013 yılı sonunda başlayan büyük bir salgında Batı Pasifik adaları etkilenmiştir. 2015 yılında, Brezilya yerel sağlık yetkilileri, ZIKV salgını sırasında aynı anda mikrosefalili doğan bebeklerin sayısında bir artış olduğunu gözlemledi. Ön tanılar hastaların klinik özellikleri, seyahat yerleri ve tarihleri ile onların aktivitelerine dayanmaktadır. ZIKV laboratuvar tanısı, genellikle serum veya plazmada virüsü, viral nükleik asiti ya da virüs spesifik immünoglobulin M ve nötralize edici antikorları tespit etmek yoluyla gerçekleştirilir. Ne yazık ki, ZIKV enfeksiyonu için belirli bir tedavi veya aşı bulunmamaktadır. Tedavisi semptomatik olarak yapılmaktadır. Enfeksiyona karşı korunma, sivrisinek ısırmasından korunmaya ve sivrisineklerin salgın bölgelerinde eradike edilmesine dayanır.

An re-emerging arboviral infectious agent: Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV), is an arbovirus (arthropod borne virus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus that was first isolated from a Rhesus monkey in 1947 in Uganda. The transmission is mostly vectorial by mosquitoes of the Culicidae family and of the Aedes genus (mostly Aedes aegypti). Non-human primates and possibly rodents play a role as reservoir. The symptoms (fever, maculopapular rush, arthralgia and conjunctivitis) appear after an incubation period after the mosquito bite and usually last three to 12 days. Asymptomatic cases are frequent. In recent years, virological studies have allowed identifying the virus in Africa, Asia, and Oceania, in the Pacific. Beginning at the end of 2013, a large outbreak affected the West Pacific islands. In 2015, Brazilian local health authorities also observed an increase in babies born with microcephaly at the same time of an outbreak of ZIKV. Preliminary diagnosis is based on the clinical features of patient, places and travel dates, and activities. Laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV is generally performed by testing serum or plasma to detect virus, viral nucleic acid, or virus-specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for ZIKV infection. The treatment is symptomatic. Prevention against the infection relies on individual protection against mosquito bites and eradication of mosquitoes in outbreak areas.

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