Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence

Giriş: Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılığı Testi (FNBT) Fagerström Tolerans Anketinden uyarlanmıştır ve sigara içicisinin sigarayı bırakmaya çalışırken nikotin yerine koyma tedavisine ihtiyacını değerlendirmek için kullanılır. FNBT pek çok dile çevrilmiş ve dünya çapında sigara literatüründe yer almıştır. Ancak çok az sayıda çalışmada İngilizce olmayan FTND versiyonlarının psikometrik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma FTND'nin Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.Materyal ve Metod: Doğrulama faktor analizi (DFA) ile anketin Türkçe versiyonunun faktöriyel yapısı İstanbul, Türkiye'de bulunan iki büyük sigara bırakma polikliniğindeki büyük bir örneklem grubu kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamız, 1 Ekim ve 31 Aralık 2011 tarihleri arasında bu sigara bırakma polikliniklerinden birine başvuran 502 sigara içicisinden oluşmaktadır. Bütün katılımcılar çalışma için aydınlatılmış onam vermiştir. FNBT'nin geçerliliğini ölçmek için DFA yöntemi kullanıldı ve güvenilirliği belirlemek için Cronbach's alpha katsayısı hesaplandı.Bulgular: Bir faktörlü DFA FNBT'deki tüm bileşenlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu faktördeki tüm bileşenler 0.40 ve üzerinde puan almıştır. Uyum istatistikleri yeterliydi ve karşılaştırmalı uyum indeksi (CFI) = 0.922, Tucker-Lewis İndeksi (TLI) = 0.902 ve kök ortalama yaklaşım hatası (RMSEA) = 0.081 idi. İki faktörlü DFA, birinci factor olarak sabah içiciliğiyle ilgili 3 bileşenden ve ikinci factor olarak içicilik özelliğiyle ilgili üç bileşenden oluşmaktadır. Faktör değerleri ve uyumun iyiliği istatistikleri FNBT'nin iki faktörlü yapısını doğrulamıştır.Sonuç: Değerlendirme FNBT'nin Türkçe versiyonunun iki faktörlü yapısı olduğunu orta derece güvenilirlikle doğrulamıştır. Bu çalışma göstermiştir ki; nikotin bağımlılığının tahmini için toplam skoru kullanmak, spesifik sigara bağımlılığını değerlendirmeyi ve tedavi ve müdahaleleri buna göre biçimlendirmeyi engelleyebilir. İki faktörlü bir FNBT'nin hastaların nikotin bağımlılığını daha doğru olarak belirleyebileceğini düşünüyoruz.

Fagerström nikotin bağımlılığı testinin Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik özellikleri

Introduction: The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), modified from Fagerström Tolerance Questionnairre (FTQ), is used to determine whether a smoker trying to quit will need nicotine replacement therapy to treat with drawal symptoms. The FTND has been translated into many languages and has been referred to in the smoking literature worldwide. However, only a few studies have examined the psychometric propertiesof the non-English FTND versions. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the FTND.Materials and Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure of the Turkish version of the questionnaire using a large sample from two smoking cessation clinics in Istanbul, Turkey. Our study comprised 502 smokers who entered one of these smoking cessation clinics between October 1 and December 31, 2011. All subjects gave informed consent to the study. We assessed the validity of the FTND using CFA, and we calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients to determine reliability.Results: One-factor CFA included all of the items on the FTND. All items loaded on this factor with a score of 0.40 or higher. The goodness of fit statistics were adequate, with a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.922, a Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.902, and a rootmean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.081. Two-factor CFA comprised the three "morning smoking" items, and the three "smoking pattern" items. The factor loadings and the goodness-of-fit statistics confirmed that the FTND has a two-factor structure.Conclusions: Analyses confirmed that the Turkish version of the FTND has a two-factor structure with moderate reliability. This study found that using a total score as an estimate of nicotine dependence may limit the assessment of specific smoking dependency and tailoring intervention approaches. We suggest that a two-factor FTND in clinical practice would more accurately determine the nicotine dependence of patients.

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