Budist Sanatta ve İkonografide Buda’nın Temel Mudraları ve Fiziksel Özellikleri

İkonografik ögeler sanat tarihinin olduğu kadar dinler tarihinin de önemli kaynaklarındandır. Bu eserlerden dinî şahıslara, öğretilere ve anlatılara dair geniş malumat elde edilebilir. Üzerinde çalışacağımız Budizm ikonografi yönünden son derece zengin bir dinî gelenektir. Antik Hint sanatı üzerine bina edilen, Pers ve Grek sanatından etkilenen ve yayıldığı toprakların kültürel rengini bünyesine katan Budist sanat, tarih boyunca çok zengin ikonografik eserler üretmiştir. Budist ikonografinin temel unsuru Buda’dır. Buda’nın şahsı, yaşamı ve öğretisi bu eserlerde Budist sanatçılar tarafından tasvir edilmiştir. Bu tasvirler içinde öne çıkan bir husus ise mudra adı verilen el jestleridir. Bedenin genel duruşu da dikkate alınarak değerlendirilen mudralar Buda ve Budist gelenek açısından çok kıymetli bilgiler ortaya koyar. Elinizdeki makale görsel ögeler eşliğinde temel mudralar, bunların anlamı ve önemi ile Budist sanatta Buda’nın öne çıkan kimi fiziksel özellikleri üzerinde duracak, Budist ikonografinin Budist geleneği ve öğretiyi aktarmadaki önemini ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır. Bunu yaparken çalışmada Budist sanat ve ikonografi, sanat tarihi yaklaşımı ile değil, dinler tarihi bakış açısı ile ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dinler Tarihi, Buda, Budizm, Budist Sanat, Budist İkonografi, Mudra

Buddha's Basic Mudras and Physical Characteristics in Buddhist Art and Iconography

Iconographic elements are among the important sources of the history of religions as well as the history of art. From these works, extensive information about religious persons, teachings and narratives can be obtained. The Buddhism we will be working on is an extremely rich religious tradition in terms of iconography. Buddhist art, built on ancient Indian art, influenced by Persian and Greek art and incorporating the cultural color of the lands it has spread to, has produced very rich iconographic works throughout history. The key element of Buddhist iconography is Buddha. Buddha's personality, life and teaching are depicted by Buddhist artists in these works. One of the prominent points in these depictions is hand gestures called mudra. Mudras, which are evaluated by considering the general posture of the body, reveal very valuable information in terms of Buddha and the Buddhist tradition. The article in your hand, accompanied by visual elements, will focus on the basic mudras, their meaning and importance, and some prominent physical features of the Buddha in Buddhist art, and will try to reveal the importance of Buddhist iconography in conveying the Buddhist tradition and doctrine. While doing this, the study will deal with Buddhist art and iconography with perspective of history of religions, not with history of art.

Keywords:

History of Religions, Buddha, Buddhism, Buddhist Art, Buddhist Iconography, Mudra,

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