Funda KOÇAK, Halil SAROL, Rıfat Kerem GÜRKAN

Otizmli Çocuklarda Topluluk Temelli Serbest Zaman Katılımında Algilanan Damgalama: Türk Ebeveyn Perspektifi

Bu araştırmada, Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) olan çocukların, topluluk temelli serbest zaman aktivitelerine (TSZA) katılımında algılanan damgalamaları ebeveyn görüşleri aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 7-18 yaş arasında çocuğu olan 10 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemleri ile tasarlanan araştırmada, Goffman (1963)’ın ‘damgalama teorisi’nden yararlanılarak kavramsal çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu hazırlanarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, önemli bir ihtiyaç, damgalamanın tonları, ebeveynliğin doğası, iki farklı taraf’ ve öğrenilmiş yalnızlık temaları oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına göre, ebeveynlerin OSB’li çocuklarının TSZA katılımlarına oldukça önem verdikleri görülmektedir. TSZA OSB’li çocuklar için etkili bir sosyalleşme aracı olması sebebiyle ebeveynleri tarafından ciddi bir gereksinim olarak benimsenmiştir. TSZA katılımı sırasında OSB’li çocuklar pek çok damgalamaya maruz kalmaktadır ve ebeveynleri bu durumlar karşısında genel olarak sert tepkiler verebilmektedir. Algılanan damgalamalar, ebeveynler ve OSB’li bireylerin TSZA katılımlarını olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Sonuç olarak; OSB’li çocuklarda TSZA katılımının önemli bir ihtiyaç olduğu, katılımı etkileyen olumsuz tutum ve davranışların azaltılması ile birlikte katılım konusunda daha fazla çocuğun bu tür serbest zaman katılım deneyimleri yaşayacağı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Otizm, Damgalama, Topluluk temelli serbest zaman, Ebeveyn, Çocuk

Perceived Stigma in Community-Based Leisure Activity Participation of Children With Autism: Perspective from Turkish Parents

In this research, the perceived stigma during community-based leisure activity (CBLA) participation of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was investigated from the perspective of parents. The study group for the research comprised 10 parents of children aged 7-18 years. In the research designed with qualitative research methods, the conceptual framework comprised Goffman’s (1963) ‘stigma theory’. Data were collected with the face-to-face interview method using a semi-structured interview form. Analysis of data used the thematic analysis method. Within this scope, themes comprised an important necessity, tones of stigma, nature of being a parent, two different sides and learned loneliness. According to the research findings, parents of children with ASD appeared to attach great importance to participation in CBLA. Due to CBLA participation being an effective socialization tool for children with ASD, parents saw it as a serious necessity. During participation in CBLA, children with ASD were exposed to many types of stigma and parents generally provided strong reactions to this situation. Perceived stigma negatively affected the CBLA participation of parents and individuals with ASD. In conclusion, CBLA participation is an important need for children with ASD, and by reducing the negative attitudes and behaviors affecting participation more children will experience participation in this type of leisure activity.

Keywords:

Autism, Stigma, Community based leisure, Parents, Children,

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