Ülkü Ayşe TÜRKER ARAS, Samet KIRAT, Ozge YENDUR, Ayşe Ender YUMRU

Mothers' perspective on human papillomavirus vaccine in Eastern Turkey

Objectives: The rates of vaccination with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which can prevent many cancers, rank the last place when compared to other childhood vaccination rates. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge levels of mothers living in our region about HPV vaccine and their perspectives regarding having the vaccine. Methods: The study was conducted between 15 July and 15 August 2022 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University with the mothers of 377 girls. The SPSS 21 program was used and p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: No statistically significant differences were detected between the desire of the mother to have her child vaccinated against HPV and the age of her child (p = 0.740), income level of the household (p = 0.590) and the working status of the mother (p = 0.419). There were statistically significant differences between the desire of the mother to have her daughter vaccinated with HPV, the place where the mother lived (p = 0.001), age of the mother (p = 0.037), family type (p = 0.001), number of people living at home (p = 0.027), education year of the mother (p = 0.004), father’s approval for vaccination (p = 0.001), and mother’s hearing about the Smear Test (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Even if the HPV vaccine is given free of charge, there is resistance in mothers to the vaccine. It is necessary to inform mothers about HPV vaccination for their daughters and to make the vaccination more widespread.

Keywords:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, vaccine hesitancy, cervical cancer, genital wart,

PDF

___

1. STD Facts - HPV and Men. Avaible at: http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-and-men.htm. Accessed date: September 24, 2022.
2. Ho GY, Studentsov Y, Hall CB, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Lempa M, et al. Risk factors for subsequent cervico vaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the protective role of antibodies to HPV-16 virus-like particles. J Infect Dis 2002;186:737-42.
3. Koutsky L. Epidemiology of genital human papilloma virus infection. Am J Med 1997;102(5A):3-8.
4. Mabeya H, Odunga J, Broeck DV. Mothers of adolescent girls and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination in Western Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2021;38:126.
5. Caballero-Pérez P, Tuells J, Rementería J, Nolasco A, Navarro-López V, Arístegui J. [Acceptability of the HPV vaccine among Spanish university students in the pre-vaccine era: a cross-sectional study]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2015;28:21-8. [Article in Spanish]
6. Turkey cancer statistics. Avaible at: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser- Accessed date: September 24, 2022.
7. Seoud M, Tjalma WA, Ronsse V. Cervical adenocarcinoma: moving towards better prevention. Vaccine 2011; 29 (49):9148–5.
8. Patel PR, Berenson AB. Sources of HPV vaccine hesitancy in parents. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9(12):2649-53.
9. Bosch FX, Lorincz A, Muñoz N, Meijer CJ, Shah KV. The causal relation between human papilloma virus and cervical cancer. J Clin Pathol 2002;55:244-65.
10. HPV Vaccına- WHO. . Avaible at: http://www.who.int/immunization/hpv/learn/comprehensive_cervical_cancer_who_2013.pdf. Accessed date: September 24, 2022.
11. Low EL, Simon AE, Lyons J, Romney-Alexander D, Waller J. What do British women know about cervical cancer symptoms and risk factors? Eur J Cancer 2012;48):3001-8.
12. Wamai RG, Ayissi CA, Oduwo GO, Perlman S, Welty E, Manga S, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of a community-based sensitization strategy in creating awareness about HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among parents in North West Cameroon. J Community Health 2012;37:917-26.
13. Laz TH, Rahman M, Berenson AB. An update on humanpapillomavirus vaccine uptake among 11-17 year old girls in the United States: National Health Interview Survey, 2010. Vaccine 2012;30:3534-40.
14. Laz TH, Rahman M, Berenson AB. Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among 9-17 year old males in the United States: the National Health Interview Survey, 2010. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013;9:874-8.
15. Evran M, Bozkurt HB. [Knowledge status and affecting factors about the current childhood vaccines of mothers of children applying to state and university hospital pediatric clinics in Kars]. Kafkas J Med Sci 2020;10:173-9. [Article in Turkish]
16. Ingelfinger JA, Mosteller F, Thibodeau LA, Ware JH. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics (Lange Medical Books) 2nd edition by Dawson-Saunders, Beth, Trapp, Robert G. 1994.
17. Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality. Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines; Institute of Medicine; Stratton K, Ford A, Rusch E, et al., eds. Washington (DC):National Academies Press (US); 2011 Aug 25.
18. Monsonego J, Bosch FX, Coursaget P, Cox JT, Franco E, Frazer I. Cervical cancer control, priorities and new directions. Int J Cancer 2004;108:329-33.
19. Walhart T. Parents, adolescents, children and the human papilloma virus vaccine: a review. Int Nurs Rev 2012;59:305-11.
20. Özdemir S, Akkaya R, Karaşahin KE. Analysis of community-based studies related with knowledge, awareness, attitude, and behaviors towards HPV and HPV vaccine published in Turkey: a systematic review. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2020;21:111-23.
21. Rosenthal SL, Rupp R, Zimet GD, Meza HM, Loza ML, Short MB, et al. Uptake of HPV vaccine: demographics, sexual history and values, parenting style, and vaccine attitudes. J Adolesc Health 2008;43:239-45.
22. Dahlström LA, Tran TN, Lundholm C, Young C, Sundström K, Sparén P. Attitudes to HPV vaccination among parents of children aged 12-15 years-a population-based survey in Sweden. Int J Cancer 2010;126:500-7.
23. Ferris DG, Waller JL, Miller J, Patel P, Jackson L, Price GA, et al. Men's attitudes toward receiving the humanpapillomavirus vaccine. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2008;12:276-81.
24. Omer SB, Salmon DA, Orenstein WA, deHart MP, Halsey N. Vaccine refusal, mandatory immunization, and the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1981-8.
25. Zimet GD, Mays RM, Sturm LA, Ravert AA, Perkins SM, Juliar BE. Parental attitudes about sexually transmitted infection vaccination for their adolescent children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:132-7.
26. Ritvo P, Wilson K, Willms D, Upshur R, Goldman A, Kelvin D, et al. CANVAC Socio behavioural Study Group. Vaccines in the public eye. Nat Med 2005;11(4 Suppl):S20-4.
27. Olshen E, Woods ER, Austin SB, Luskin M, Bauchner H. Parental acceptance of the human papilloma virus vaccine. J Adolesc Health 2005;37:248-51.
28. Patel PR, Berenson AB. Sources of HPV vaccine hesitancy in parents. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013;9:2649-53.
29. Burton-Jeangros C, Golay M, Sudre P. [Compliance and resistance to child vaccination: a study among Swiss mothers]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2005;53:341-50. [Article in French]
30. Cassell JA, Leach M, Poltorak MS, Mercer CH, Iversen A, Fairhead JR. Is the cultural context of MMR rejection a key to an effective public health discourse? Public Health 2006;120:783-94.