KOMPOZİT ÜRETİMİNDE TAKVİYE MALZEMESİ OLARAK KULLANILABİLECEK ÇEŞİTLİ HAYVANSAL LİFLERE UYGULANAN YÜZEY MODİFİKASYONLARININ LİF ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Günümüzde doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen liflerin kompozitlerde takviye malzemesi olarak kullanıldığı çalışmalar çeşitlenerek artış göstermektedir. Bu amaçla yaygın olarak kullanılan selülozik liflerin yanı sıra hafifliği, yüksek esneme ve izolasyon kabiliyetleri ve sürdürülebilir olması gibi özellikleri nedeni ile protein esaslı lifler de alternatif takviye malzemesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kompozit üretiminde matris-takviye malzemesi uyumluluğunu artırabilmek için bileşenlere genellikle yüzey modifikasyon işlemleri yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kompozit malzemelerde takviye malzemesi olarak kullanılabilecek yün, tiftik, kaşmir ve deve liflerinin alkali ve hidrojen peroksit ile modifikasyonu yapılmış ve bu modifikasyon işlemlerinin liflere olan etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Yüzey işlemi görmemiş ve modifiye edilmiş liflerin kimyasal yapıları Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), içyapıları X-Işını Difraktometresi (XRD) ve morfolojik özellikleri ise Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca liflerin nem alımındaki değişim de belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, modifikasyon işlemlerinin liflerin fonksiyonel gruplarında özellikle amid ve sülfür içeren grupları gösteren absorpsiyon piklerinin şiddetlerinde değişim meydana getirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Hidrojen peroksit muamelesi sonrası disülfür bağlarının okside olduğunu gösteren yeni pikler meydana gelmiştir. Modifikasyon işlemleri sonrası lifler benzer difraksiyon eğrileri vermesine rağmen, kristal yüzeylerini gösteren piklerin şiddetleri değişmiştir. Alkali ve hidrojen peroksit işlemleri sonrası lif yüzeyinden safsızlıkların kısmen uzaklaştığı, pulcuk tabakasının da modifikasyondan etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Modifikasyon işlemleri sonrası lifin kütikül tabakasında meydana gelen değişim ile birlikte liflerin hidrofilliği artış göstermiştir.

THE EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS ANIMAL FIBERS AS REINFORCEMENT MATERIAL IN COMPOSITES

Recently, there has been a rapid growth in research on natural fibers as reinforcement materials in composites. Besides the commonly used cellulosic fibers, protein-based fibers known with their lightness, high elasticity, isolation capability and sustainability, can also be used as an alternative reinforcement material. In composite production, surface modifications are generally implemented in order to increase the compatibility of matrix-filler. In this study, wool, mohair, cashmere and camel fibers were modified with alkali and hydrogen peroxide and the effect of the modifications on fiber was analyzed. The chemical structure of modified and unmodified fibers was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), fine structure by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and morphological properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the moisture content of the fibers was determined. According to obtained results, it is determined that the modification processes changed the intensities of the peaks which are attributed to the functional groups especially for the groups amide and sulphur. After the modification with hydrogen peroxide, new groups were introduced which indicates the oxidation of the disulphide bonds. The intensities of the peaks which are attributed to the crystalline surfaces changed although fibers gave the typical diffraction curves. However, tensile properties of the fibers remained similar to each other. The surface impurities were partially removed and also the scales on the fiber surface were affected with the modifications. After the modifications, the hydrophilicity of the fibers increased with the changes in the cuticle layer.

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