Hilal Kargın YILMAZ

Mikroalg üretimi için fotobiyoreaktör tasarımları

Ticari mikroalg üretimi, sağlam temellere dayanan bir endüstri dalıdır. Son yıllarda ticari mikroalglerin üretiminde yeni türler ve bu türlerin ticari üretimini temin edecek kapalı fotobiyoreaktörlerin farklı tasarımları önemli gelişme göstermiştir. Bu tasarımların yakın gelecekte ticari açıdan ön planda olacağı görülmektedir. Kapalı sistemler içerisinde bulunan tübüler fotobiyoreaktörler, değişik şekillerde, farklı büyüklük ve uzunluktaki şeffaf borulardan veya hortumlardan meydana gelmektedir. Bu tip biyoreaktörierde, uygun tüp çapı 2 - 4 cm arasıdır. Spirulina ve Dunaliella gibi seçici bir büyüme ortamında kültür edilen mikroalg yığın kültürlerinde açık sistemlerin başarısına rağmen, Haemetococcus ve Phaeodactylum gibi ticari anlamda kullanılan fakat seçici ortam koşullarına sahip olmayan mikroalg türlerinin kapalı sistemlerde üretimi daha başarılı olmaktadır. Ancak bu sistemlerin yüksek üretim maliyeti son zamanlara kadar ticari uygulamasını engellemiştir. Düz panel reaktör ve tübüler fotobiyoreaktör tasarımlarının temel ilkesi; kültüre edilen hücreler tarafından ışıktan daha verimli yararlanılmasını sağlamaktır. Böylece, zararlı gazların birikimini kültür sistemlerinden uzaklaştıran uygun bir karıştırma ve hücrelerin ışıktan daha verimli yararlanmasını sağlayarak, daha yüksek biyomas yoğunluklarına ulaşmak mümkün olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu sistemler sürekli üretimde çalışmaya uygundur. Sürekli maksimum yoğunlukla alg üretimi ve büyüme ortam koşullarının etkin kullanımına bağlı olarak, üretimi önceden tayin etme şansını sağlar. Böylece toplam maliyet düşer ve daha küçük alanlara ihtiyaç duyulur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

algler, üretim, kapalı sistemler, biyoteknoloji, sucul kültür

The designs of photobioreactors for microalgae production

The Designs of Photobioreactors for Microalgae Production. Commercial microalgae production is a branch of industry, which has a strong base. Recently, in the production of commercial microalgae, the different designs of closed photobioreactors providing new species and the commercial production of these have shown a great improvement. These designs seem to be prevalent in commerce in the near future. Tubular photobioreactors designed according to the closed systems were made in different shapes, various size and length of transparent pipes or tubes. In these type bioreactors, the appropriate diameter of the tube is from 2 to 4 cm. Although the success of open systems in the Spirulina and Dunaliella microalgae mass cultures which are cultured in a distinct growth environment, production of microalgae species like Haemetococcus and Phaeodactylum which used in commerce and have no distinct environment conditions is more successful in the closed systems. However, the high production costs of these systems have prevented the commercial application until recent years. The basic principle of the designs for the smooth flat reactor and tubular photobioreactor is to get use of light more productive by cultured cells. Thus it is been possible to arrive greater biomass density by providing appropriate stirring which remove accumulation of harmful gases from culture systems and by getting use of light more productive by cultured cells. As a conclusion, these systems are suitable to work for the continuous production. In the maximum continuous density depending on the production of algae and the active usage of growing environment conditions, it provides the chance to distribute the production in advance. Therefore, the total cost decreases and a need for smaller areas. The aim is to decrease the cost by reducing the construction costs of these systems.

Keywords:

algae, production, closed systems, biotechnology, aquaculture,

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