Ege Denizi’nde kıyı balıkçılığı ve deniz kuşları arasındaki bazı etkileşimler

Bu çalışmada, Ege Denizi'nde uygulanan çeşitli balıkçılık tiplerinin ikincil çekim etkileri sonucu balıkçılıkla etkileşime giren deniz kuşlarının bazı etkileşim tipleri ve sonuçlarının ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Eylül 2016 ile Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında İzmir, Aydın ve Muğla bölgesindeki balık çiftlikleri, küçük ölçekli balıkçılar (KÖB) ve dalyanlarda çalışan 80 balıkçı ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Balık çiftlikleri ve kıyı balıkçıları ile en çok etkileşime giren kuş türleri karabatak (Phalacrocorax carbo), gümüş martı (Larus michahellis), büyük akbalıkçıl (Ardea alba), az sayıda yelkovan (Puffinus yelkouan) ve akpelikan (Pelecanus onocrotalus)’dır. Akuakültür işletmelerinde çalışanlar %82 oranında kışın deniz kuşları ile etkileşime girdiklerini bildirirlerken, KÖB %50 ile yazın en çok etkileşime girmişlerdir. Balıkçıların mevsimlere göre deniz kuşları ile etkileşime girme oranları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p

Some interactions between coastal fisheries and sea birds in the Aegean Sea

: In this study, it is aimed to determine some interactions between various fishery types and seabirds, results of this interaction and sea bird species that have been interacting due to secondary attraction factors. A total of 80 fishermen, working in fish farms, small scale fishery (SSF) and lagoons located in Izmir, Aydın and Muğla were face-to-face interviewed between September 2016 and December 2018. The great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), yellowlegged gull (Larus michahellis), great white egret (Ardea alba), some yelkouan shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan) and great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) are the bird species that have an interaction with coastal fishermen and sea-cage fish farms. 82% of employees in sea-cage fish farms mentioned that they have an interaction with sea birds in winter, besides %50 of SSF have an interaction with sea birds in summer. The difference between interaction rate according to seasons has been found as statistically significant (p

PDF

___

Aguado-Giménez, F., Eguía-Martínez, S., Cerezo-Valverde, J. & GarcíaGarcía, B. (2018). Spatio-temporal variability of ichthyophagous bird assemblage around western Mediterranean open-sea cage fish farms. Marine Environmental Research, 140, 126-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.06.008
Barrett, L.T., Swearer, S.E. & Dempster, T. (2018). Impacts of marine and freshwater aquaculture on wildlife: a global meta-analysis. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1–23. DOI: 10.1111/raq.12277
Beveridge, M.C.M. (2001). Aquaculture and wildlife interactions. In: Uriarte A., Basurco B. (eds.). Environmental impact assessment of Mediterranean aquaculture farms (pp 57-66). Zaragoza, CHIEAM
Brothers, N.P., Cooper, J. & Løkkeborg, S. (1999). The Incidental Catch of Seabirds by Longline Fisheries: Worldwide Review and Technical Guidelines for Mitigation. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 937. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Croxall, J.P., Butchart, S.H.M., Lascelles, B., Stattersfield, A.J., Sullivan, B., Symes, A. & Taylor, P., (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird Conservation International 22, 1–34. DOI: 10.1017/S0959270912000020
Croxall, J.P., Prince, J.P., Hunter, I., McInnes, S. & Copestake, P.G. (1984). The seabirds of the Antarctic Peninsula, islands of the Scotia Sea and Antarctic continent between 80°W and 20°W: their status and conservation. In: Croxall, J.P., Evans, P.G.H., Schreiber, R.W. (eds), Status and conservation of the world’s seabirds. Proceedings of the ICBP Seabird Conservation Symposium (pp. 637-666), Cambridge, U.K.: Symposium Book.
Díaz López, B. (2017). Temporal variability in predator presence around a fin fish farm in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology, 38, e12378. DOI: 10.1111/maec.12378
Gilman, E., Boggs, C. & Brothers, N. (2003). Performance assessment of an underwater setting chute to mitigate seabird bycatch in the Hawaii pelagic longline tuna fishery. Ocean and Coastal Management, 46, 985–1010. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2003.12.001
Le Bot, T., Lescroël, A. & Grémillet, D. (2018. A toolkit to study seabird–fishery interactions. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75,1513-1525. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsy038
Jiménez, S., Domingo, A. & Brazeiro A. (2009). Seabird bycatch in the Southwest Atlantic: interaction with the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery. Polar Biology, 32,187–196. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0519-8
Jiménez, S., Abreu, M., Pons, M., Ortiz, M. & Domingo, A., (2010). Assessing the impact of the pelagic longline fishery on albatrosses and petrels in the southwest Atlantic. Aquatic Living Resources, 23, 49‐64. DOI: 10.1051/alr/2010002
Løkkeborg, S. (1998). Seabird bycatch and bait loss in long-lining using different setting methods. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 55, 145–149. DOI: 10.1006/jmsc.1997.9997
Morant, P.D., Brooke, R.K. & Abrams, R.W. (1983). Recoveries in Southern Africa of seabirds breeding elsewhere. Ringing and Migration, 4,257–268. DOI: 10.1080/03078698.1983.9673818
Moreno, C.A., Rubilar, P.S., Marschoff, E. & Benzaquen, L. (1996). Factors affecting the incidental mortality of seabirds in the Dissostichus eleginoides fishery in the southwest Atlantic (Subarea 483, 1995 season). CCAMLR Science, 3, 79–91.
Nel, D.E., Ryan, P.G. & Watkins, B.P. (2002) Seabird mortality in the Patagonian toothfish longline fishery around the Prince Edward Islands, 1996–2000. Antarctic Science, 14,151–161. DOI: 10.1017/S0954102002000718
Petersen, S.L., Honig, M.B., Ryan, P.G. & Underhill, L.G. (2009). Seabird bycatch in the pelagic longline fishery off southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 31,191–204. DOI: 10.2989/AJMS.2009.31.2.7.879
Robertson, G., Moe, E., Haugen, R. & Wienecke, B. (2003) How fast do demersal longlines sink? Fisheries Research, 62,385–388. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00276-X
Robertson, B.A. & Hutto, R.L. (2006) A framework for understanding ecological traps and an evaluation of existing evidence. Ecology, 87(5), 1075–1085. DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1075:AFFUET]2.0.CO;2
Ryan, P.G. & Watkins, B.P. (2002) Reducing incidental mortality of seabirds with an underwater setting funnel. Biological Conservation, 104, 127–131. DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00174-4
Sullivan, B.J., Brickle, P., Reid, T.A., Bone, D.G. & Middleton, D.A.J. (2004). Trials to test mitigate devices to reduce seabird mortality caused by warp cable strike on factory trawlers. CCAMLR WG-FSA 04/79. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Australia. 21 p.
Tasker, M.L., Camphuysen, C.J., Cooper, J., Garthe, S., Montevecchi, W.A. & Blaber, S.J.M. (2000). The impacts of fishing on marine birds. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57: 531–547. DOI: 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0714
Watkins, B.P. Petersen, S.L. & Ryan, P.G. (2008) Interactions between seabirds and deep-water hake trawl gear: an assessment of impacts in South African waters. Animal Conservation, 11, 247–254. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00192.x
Wiedenfeld, D.A. (2012). Analysis of the Effects of Marine Stewardship Council Fishery Certification on the Conservation of Seabirds. USA: American Bird Conservancy.
Zydelis, R., Small, C. & French, G. (2013). The incidental catch of seabirds in gillnet fisheries: A global review. Biological Conservation, 162: 76-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.002