Bülent YILMAZ, Osman SAMSUN, Okan AKYOL, Yakup ERDEM, TEVFİK CEYHAN

Age, growth, reproduction and mortality of Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus ponticus Essipov, 1927) from the Turkish coasts of the Black Sea

Bu çalışmada, özellikle Sinop balıkçı limanına gelen uzatma ağı ve trol avcılığı yapan ticari teknelerden Kasım 2015 ve Kasım 2016 tarihleri arasında 989 adet barbunya (Mullus barbatus ponticus) bireyi toplanmıştır. Elde edilen örneklerin boyları 9,2 ile 19,2 cm (ortalama: 13,3 ±1,3 cm) arasında; ağırlıkları ise 8,2 ile 68,6 g (ortalama: 25,7 ±8,0 g) arasında değişim göstermiştir. Örnekler ağırlıklı olarak 13–15 cm boy grubunda yer almaktadır. 4/1 Numaralı Ticari Amaçlı Su Ürünleri Avcılığının düzenlenmesi hakkındaki tebliğde Mullus barbatus türü için asgari avlanma boyu 13 cm olarak bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen örneklerin %39’unun söz konusu yasal boyun altında kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Barbunya bireylerinin boy–ağırlık ilişkisi log(W) = –1,864 + 2,902 log(TL) (r 2 = 0,92) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bireylerin yaş grupları ise I ile IV arasında değişim göstermektedir. Yaşlara göre ortalama boylar; I yaş grubu için 11,43 ±0,04 cm, II yaş grubu için 13,22 ±0,04 cm, III yaş grubu için 15,24 ±0,06 cm ve IV yaş grubu için 18,44 ±0,29 cm olarak hesaplanmıştır. GSI değerleri dikkate alındığında, türün üreme faaliyetini Mayıs ile Temmuz ayları arasında gerçekleştirdiği ve bu aktivitenin en yüksek düzeye Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında ulaştığı anlaşılmaktadır. M. barbatus ponticus bireyleri için hesaplanan von Bertalanffy büyüme parametreleri; L∞ = 17,64 ±1,43 cm, k = 0,43 ±0,13 ve t 0 = –11,33 ±0,37 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, bireylerde doğal ölüm oranı (M) 0,91 yıl–1, balıkçılık kaynaklı ölüm oranı (F) 0,52 yıl–1, toplam ölüm oranı (Z) 1,43 yıl–1 ve sömürülme oranı (E) ise 0,36 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Türkiye’nin Karadeniz kıyılarından avlanan barbunya (Mullus barbatus ponticus Essipov, 1927) balığında yaş, büyüme, üreme ve ölüm oranları

A total of 989 red mullets, Mullus barbatus ponticus, from the Black Sea were monthly collected from commercial gill/trammel net and bottom trawl fisheries, especially landed at Sinop Fishing Port, between December 2015 and December 2016. Total lengths and weights of red mullet specimens were ranged from 9.2 cm to 19.2 cm (average: 13.3 ±1.3 cm) and from 8.2 g to 68.6 g (average: 25.7 ±8.0 g), respectively. The samples were grouped densely between 13 and 15 cm. Minimum landing size (MLS) is 13 cm for Mullus barbatus according to Turkish Fisheries Regulation Circular. Thus, 39% of all samples in this study are under legal size. The LWR equation calculated was W = 0.0137 × TL2.902 (r 2= 0.92). Age groups of red mullets in the Black Sea were ranged from I to IV. The mean lengths according to age groups (I, II, III, and IV) were 11.43 ±0.04 cm, 13.22 ±0.04 cm, 15.24 ±0.06 cm, and 18.44 ±0.29 cm, respectively. According to GSI values, reproduction of red mullets is between May and July with the peaks of June–July. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters with standard errors were L∞ = 17.64 ±1.43 cm, k = 0.43 ±0.13, and t 0 = –1.33 ±0.37. The mortality rates (M, F, and Z), and exploitation rate (E) of M. barbatus ponticus were 0.91 year–1, 0.52 year–1, 1.43 year–1, and 0.36, respectively.

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