Tuba RASTGELDİ DOĞAN, Mehmet İrfan YEŞİLNACAR, Mehmet Ali ÇULLU

SEASONAL INVESTIGATION OF ATMOSPHERIC DESERT DUST AFFECTING SANLIURFA USING MODIS SATELLITE AND HYSPLIT MODEL DATA

Million tons of dust are transported every year primarily from the Sahara Desert, Syria and Arabian Peninsula, which are close to Turkey. In this study, Sanlıurfa, was selected as an observation station to investigate the extent of long range transport of dust influencing Southeastern Anatolia Region for the first time. Hence, PM10 and PM2.5 types of dust were collected into filters through dust collection device during 2012 year and the amount was determined. The source of the dust at 500, 1000 and 1500 meters, also, was analyzed using the model of HYSPLIT. MODIS aerosol product was used for satellite images of dusty days. The source of these dusts carried over long distances was found, with HYSPLIT, to be Sahara Desert in particular, Syrian desert and deserts in the Arabian Peninsula. Dust collected daily through dust collection device into PM10 and PM2.5 filters was found to come more frequently in transition seasons of as PM10 of 550 µg m-3, PM2.5 of 213 µg m-3 in spring; as PM10 of 620 µg m-3, PM2.5 of 240 µg m-3 in autumn which are all above the minimum standard levels (50 µg m-3) accepted by the WHO.

Keywords:

Air quality, desert dust atmospheric particulate matter, hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory model (HYSPLIT), moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite,

PDF

___

[1] Tegen, I., and Fung, I., (1994) Modeling of mineral dust transport in the atmosphere: sources, transport, and optical thickness, J Geophys Res 99, 22897–22914.doi: 10.1029/94JD01928.
[2] UNEP., (2006) World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and Census of Marine Life on Seamounts Programme. Data Analysis Working Group. Seamounts, deep-sea corals and fisheries: vulnerability of deep-sea corals to fishing on seamounts beyond areas of national jurisdiction, UNEP/Earthprint 183.
[3] Mahowald, N.M., Albani, S., Kok, J.F., Engelstaedter, S., Scanza, R., Ward, D.S., and Flanner, M.G., (2014) The size distribution of desert dust aerosols and its impact on the Earth system, Aeolian Res 15, 53–71.
[4] Ryder, C.L., Highwood, E.J., Rosenberg, P.D., Trembath, J., Brooke, J.K., Bart, M., Dean, A., Crosier, J., Dorsey, J., and Brindley, H., (2013) Optical properties of Saharan dust aerosol and contribution from the coarse mode as measured during the Fennec 2011 aircraft campaign, Atmos, Chem. Phys 13, 1303–1325.
[5] Korte, L.F., Brummer, G.J.A., Van der Does, M., Guerreiro, C.V., Hennekam, R., van Hateren, J.A., Jong, D., Munday, C.I., Schouten, S., and Stuut, J.B.W., (2017) Downward particle fluxes of biogenic matter and Saharan dust across the equatorial North Atlantic, Atmos. Chem. Phys 14, 6023–6040.
[6] D'Almeida, G A., (1986) A model for Saharan dust transport, Journal of climate and applied meteorology 25 (7), 903-916. doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025
[7] Marticorena, B., Bergametti, G., and Aumont, B., (1997) Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle 2. Simulation of Saharan dust sources, Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 4387–4404.doi: 10.1029/96JD02964
[8] Mitsakou, C., Kallos, G., Papantoniou, N., Spyrou, C., Solomos, S., Astitha, M., and Housiadas, C., (2008) Saharan dust levels in Greece and received inhalation doses, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, 7181–7192.doi:10.5194/acp-8-7181-2008
[9] Kallos, G., Astitha, M., Katsafados, P., and Spyrou, C., (2007) Long-range transport of anthropogenically and naturally produced particulate matter in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic: current state of knowledge, J Appl Meteorol Climatol 46, 1230–51.doi: 10.1175/JAM2530.1
[10] Escudero, M., Castillo, S., Querol, X., Avila, A., Alarcón, M., Viana, M.M., Alastuey, A., Cuevas, E., and Rodriguez, S., (2015) Wet and dry African dust episodes over eastern Spain, J. Geophys. Res 110, D18S08.
[11] Cachorro, V.E., Burgos, M.A., Mateos, D., Toledano, C., Bennouna, Y., Torres, B., de Frutos, A.M., and Herguedas, A., (2016) Inventory of African desert dust events in the north-central Iberian Peninsula in 2003–2014 based on sun-photometer-ARONET and particulate- mass-EMEP data, Atmos. Chem. Phys 16, 8227–8248.
[12] Flentje, H., Briel, B., Beck, C., Coen, M.C., Fricke, M., Cyrys, J., Gu, J., Pitz, M., and Thomas, W., (2015) Identification and monitoring of Saharan dust: An inventory representative for south Germany since 1997, Atmos. Environ 109, 87–96.
[13] Fiedler, S., Schepanski, K., Heinold, B., Knippertz, P., and Tegen, I., (2014) How important are atmospheric depressions and mobile cyclones for emitting mineral dust aerosol in North Africa?, Atmos. Chem. Phys 14, 8983–9000.
[14] Schepanski, K., (2018) Transport of Mineral Dust and Its Impact on Climate, Geosciences 8(5), 2076-3263.
[15] Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pey, J., Pandolfi, M., Cusack, M., Pérez,N., Viana, M., Moreno, T., Mihalopoulos, N., Kallos, G., and Kleanthous, S., (2009) African dust contributions to mean ambient PM10 mass-levels across the Mediterranean Basin, Atmospheric Environment 43 (28), 4266–4277.
[16] Pey, J., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Forastiere, F., and Stafoggia, M., (2012) African dust outbreaks over the Mediterranean basin during 2001–2011: PM10 concentrations, phenomenology and trends, and its relation with synoptic and mesoscale meteorology, Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 28195–235.
[17] Pope, C.A., Burnett, R.T., Thurston, G. D., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., and Godleski, J.J., (2004) Cardiovascular mortality and long- term exposure to particulate air pollution, Circulation 109 (1), 71-77.
[18] Atkinson, R W., Ross Anderson, H., Sunyer, J., Ayres, JON., Baccını, M., Vonk, J. M., and Schwartz, J., (2001) Acute effects of particulate air pollution on respiratory admissions: results from APHEA 2 project, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 164 (10),1860-1866.
[19] Hopke, P K., Xie, Y., Raunemaa, T., Biegalski, S., Landsberger, S., Maenhaut, W., and Cohen, D., (1997) Characterization of the Gent stack edfilterunit PM10 sampler, Aerosol Science and Technology 27(6), 726-735.
[20] Draxler, RR., and Rolph, GD., (2003) HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model Access via NOAA ARL READY Website. NOAA, Air Resources Laboratory, Silver, Spring, MD. http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html.
[21] Wang, Q. H., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kis, A., Coleman, J. N., Strano, M. S., (2012) Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, Nature nanotechnology 7(11), 699-712.
[22] (http://tr.docdat.com/docs/index-35938.html).
[23] Udden, J.A., (1896) Dust and sand storms in the West, Popular Sci. Month 49: 655-664.
[24] Goudie, A. S., and Middleton, N. J., (2006) Desertdust in the global system, SpringerScience & Business Media.
[25] Balis, D., Amiridis, V., Kazadzis, S., Papayannis, A., Tsaknakis, G., Tzortzakis, S., and Chourdakis, G., (2006) May.Optical characteristics of desert dust over the East Mediterranean during summer: a case study, In Annales Geophysicae 24(3), 807-821.
[26] Washington, R., and Todd, M.C., (2005) Atmospheric controls on mineral dust emission from the Bodélé Depression, Chad: The role of the lowlevel jet, Geophysical Research Letters 32(17).
[27] Kubilay, N., Nickovic, S., Moulin, C., and Dulac, F., (2000) An illustration of the transport and deposition of mineral dust onto the eastern Mediterranean, Atmospheric Environment 34(8), 1293-1303.
[28] Krasnov, H., Katra, I., Novack, V., Vodonos, A., and Friger, MD., (2015) Increased indoor PM concentrations controlled by atmospheric dust events and urban factors, Build Environ 87, 169–176.
[29] Ganor, E., Stupp, A., and Alpert, P., (2009) A method to determine the effect of mineral dust aerosols on air quality, Atmos Environ 43, 5463–5468.
[30] Kalderon-Asael, B., Erel, Y., Sandler, A., and Dayan, U., (2009) Mineralogical and chemical characterization of suspended atmospheric particles over the east Mediterranean based on synoptic-scale circulation patterns, Atmos Environ 43: 3963–3970.
[31] Kıranşan, K., (2012) Desert Sources and General Environmental Effects in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Region, Graduate Thesis, Institute of Social Sciences, Fırat University Elazığ Turkey.
[32] Atalay, I., and Efe, R., (2010) Structural and distributionale valuation of forest ecosystems in Turkey, J Environ Biol 31 (1–2), 61.
[33] Papayannis , A., Amiridis, V., Mona, L., Tsaknakis, G., Balis, D., Bösenberg, J., and Mitev, V., (2008) Systematic lidar observations of Saharan dust over Europe in the frame of EARLINET (2000–2002), Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 113(D10).
[34] Güllü, G., Gürel Ş., and Gürdal T., 2003, Forest decline evidence in Southern Turkey and its possible dependence on ozone trends, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus 3 (5), 263-275.
[35] Bergametti, G., Gomes, L., Coudé-Gaussen, G., Rognon, P., and Coustumer, MNL., (1989) African dust observed over Canary Islands: source regions identification and transport pattern for some summer situation, Journal of Geophysical Research 94,14855– 14864.
[36] Ramanathan, VCP J., Crutzen, P J., Kiehl, JT., and Rosenfeld, D., (2001) Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science 294 (5549), 2119-2124.
[37] Lelieveld, J., Berresheim, H., Borrmann, S., Crutzen, P. J., Dentener, F. J., Fischer, H., and Korrmann, R., (2002) Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean, Science 298 (5594), 794-799.

Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1304-7191
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Yayıncı: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi

Arşiv