Ezekannagha CHINYERE B., Ude CALLISTUS N., Onukwuli OKECHUKWU D.

ESTIMATION OF PORK LARD BIODIESEL PROPERTIES FROM ITS FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER PROFILE BY GC-MS

The estimation of some fuel properties of pork lard biodiesel from its fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition was investigated. Pork lard biodiesel was produced via transesterification of pork lard and methanol using potassium hydroxide catalyst. The biodiesel was characterized to determine the physico-chemical properties according to American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) methods. The FAME composition of the produced biodiesel was analyzed with Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The values of the fuel properties from the laboratory test using ASTM methods were correlated with that obtained from their calculation from the fatty acid methyl profile and an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 4.61, 3.96, 3.10, and 0.78% for iodine value, saponification value, cetane number and higher heating value, respectively were recorded. Methyl oleate (C18H34O2) was found to be the dominant ester with percentage composition of 42.6%. The estimated values from FAME profile were found to be very close to the experimental values from ASTM method, hence rigorous laboratory experiments could be mitigated thereby saving cost, time and energy.

Keywords:

Pork lard, transesterification fatty acid methyl ester, ASTM, GC-MS,

PDF

___

[1] Alptekin,E., Canakci,M.,(2008). Determination of the density and the viscosities of biodiesel-fuel blends. Renewable Energy, 33(12), 2623 – 2630.
[2] Board NB., (2009). National Biodiesel Board.Available at www.biodiesel.org.
[3] Demirbas,A.,(1998). Fuel properties and calculation of higher heating values of vegetable oils. Fuel, 77, 1117-20.
[4] Demirabas, A., (2005). Biodiesel production from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical methanol transesterification methods. Journal of Progress Energy Combustion Science, 31, 466-487.
[5] Demirabas, A. ,(2008). Biofuel sources, Biofuel policy, Biofuel Economy and Global Biofuel Projection, Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 2106 – 2116.
[6] Dias,J.M.,Ferraz,C.A.,Almeida,F.M.,(2008).Using mixtures of waste frying oil and porklard to produceBiodiesel.World Academy of science and technology 44, 258 – 262.
[7] Encinar,J.M.,Gonzalez,J.F.,Rodriguez-Reinares,A.,(2007). Ethanolysis of used frying oil. Biodiesel preparation and characterization.Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 513- 522.
[8] Encinar, J.M., Sanchez, N., Martinez, G., Garcia, L., (2011). Study of biodiesel production from Animal fats with high free fatty acid content. Bioresour. Technol.102, 10907 – 10914.
[9] Ferrari, R.A., Pighinelli,T.A., Park,K.J.,(2010). Biodiesel production and quality. Biofuel’s Engineering Process Technology, Dr. Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-480-1, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/biofuel-s-engineering-processtechnology/biodiesel- production-and-quality.
[10] Freedman,B.,Pryde,E.H.,Mounts,T.L.,(1984). Variables affecting the yield of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils. Journal of American Oil Chemical Society 61(10), 1638-1643.
[11] Furuta,S.,Matsuhasi,H.,Arata,K.,(2006). Biodiesel fuel production with solid amorphous-zirconiacatalysts in fixed bed reactor. Biomass Bioenergy, 30, 870 – 873.
[12] Hoque,M.E.,Singh,A.,Chuan,L.Y.,(2010). Biodiesel from low cost feedstock:The effects of process parameters on the biodiesel yield. Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 1582 – 1587.
[13] Gaby,W. and Peter,S.L.,(1997). Boiling point properties and thermal decomposition of vegetableoils methyl esters with regard to their fuel stability. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 45, 4748 – 4752.
[14] Gopinath, A., Puhan, S. and Nagarajan, G., (2009).Theoretical modeling of iodine value and saponification value of biodiesel fuels from their fatty acid composition. Renewable Energy, 34, 1806 – 1811.
[15] Jeong,G.,Yang,H.,Park,D.,(2009). Optimization of transesterification of animal fat ester using response surface methodology, 100(1), 25 – 30.
[16] Knothe, G. (2005). Dependence of biodiesel fuelproperties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters, Fuel Processing Technology, 86, 1059 – 1070.
[17] Knothe, G. (2008). Designer biodiesel: Optimizing fatty ester composition to improve fuel properties. Energy & Fuels 22, 1358 – 1364.
[18] Knothe, G. (2009). Improving biodiesel fuel properties by modifying fatty esters composition. Journal of Energyand Environmental Science, 10,1039-1054.
[19] Kose,O., Tuter, M., Aksoy,H.A., (2002). Immobilized Candida Antarctica lipase-catalyzed Alcoholysis of cotton seed oil in a solvent-free medium. Bioresource Technology, 83:125 – 129.
[20] Leung,D.Y.C., Wu,X., Leung,M.K.H., (2010). A review on biodiesel production using Catalyzed transesterification. Applied Energy 87: 1083 – 1095.
[21] Lois,E.,(2007). Definition of Biodiesel. Fuel, 86, 1212 –1213.
[22] Ma, F., Clements, L.D., Hanna, M.A., (1998a). The effect of catalyst, free fatty acids and water on transesterification of beef tallow. Trans.ASAE 41, 1261 – 1264.
[23] Meher, L.C., VidyaSagar, D. and Naik, S.N.(2006). Technical aspects of biodieselproduction bytransesterification- A Review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Revision, 10, 248 – 268.
[24] Mohibbe, A., Amtul, W., and Nahar,N.M., (2005). Prospect and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seeds oils for use as biodiesel in India. Biomass Bioener.29:293 – 302.
[25] Ramos, M.J., Carmen, M.F., Abraham, C., Lourdes, R. and Angel,P.(2009). Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. Bioresources Technology, 100, 261 – 268.
[26] Tomasevic, A.V., Marinkovic, S.S., (2003).Methanolysis of used frying oils. Fuel Processing Technology, 81, 1-6.
[27] Pighinelli,A.L.M.T.,(2010). Study of mechanical expeller and ethanolictransesterification of vegetable oils. PhD Thesis, School of Agricultural Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas.
[28] Xie,W.,Peng,H.,Chen,L.,(2006). Transesterification of soy bean oil catalyzed by potassium loaded on alumina as a solid-base catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: Chemical 255, 1 – 9.

Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1304-7191
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Yayıncı: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi

Arşiv