İKİ AMAÇLI FARKLI MAKİNE SEÇENEKLİ KAPALI DÖNGÜ TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ OPTİMİZASYONU: BULANIK ÇÖZÜM TEKNİĞİ UYGULAMASI

Tedarik zinciri yönetimi, küreselleşme çağının başlangıcından beri akademisyenlerin ve uygulayıcıların artan ilgisini çekmeye devam etmiştir. Son yıllarda, tedarik zinciri yönetiminin odak noktası, enerji tüketimi, karbon emisyonları gibi ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel yönlerin ortaklaşa ele alındığı sürdürülebilir akış yönetimi olmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, çok dönemli kapalı döngü tedarik zinciri ağ tasarım probleminin optimizasyonu için iki amaçlı karmaşık tamsayılı doğrusal programlama modelinin formüle edilmesi ve çözülmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Model, farklı makine tiplerinde faaliyet gösteren tesislerin toplam operasyon maliyeti ve toplam karbon emisyonları olmak üzere iki ayrı amacın minimizasyonunu hedeflerken, üretim ve dağıtım stratejilerini belirlemekte ve yeni veya eski tip makinelerin kullanımına da karar vermektedir. Daha eski ve güncel olmayan makinelerin ilk satın alma maliyeti, yeni ve güncellenmiş makinelere göre daha düşük olmasına rağmen, eski makineler, saat başına daha yüksek maliyetle çalışırken yeni makinelere göre saat başına daha fazla karbon salmaktadır. Ayrıca, bir saat içinde üretilen ürünlerin sayısı, yani üretkenlik, yeni makinelerde daha üstündür. Bu iki amaçlı kapalı döngü tedarik zinciri modelinin çözümü için bulanık ağırlıklandırma yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, üretimde yeni nesil teknolojilere yatırım yapılmasının hem ekonomik hem de çevresel amaçlara ulaşmak için önemli olduğunu göstermektedir.

A Bi-objective Closed Loop Supply Chain with Different Machinery Options: Application of Fuzzy Weighted Additive Approach

Supply chain management is an emerging area that drawing increasing attention of academics and practitioners for decades. In recent years, SCM's focal point has begun to emerge as a sustainable flow management, in which economic, social and environmental aspects such as energy consumption, carbon emissions are jointly addressed. This study focused on formulating and solving a bi-objective multi-period closed loop supply chain network design problem. The model determines the production and distribution strategies, while minimizing two objectives simultaneously; the total supply chain cost and the carbon emissions generated by plants operating through different machinery types. While the initial purchase cost of older and more outdated machinery is lower than newer ones, older machinery emits greater amount of carbon per hour as opposed to newer machinery while operating at even greater cost per hour. Besides, the number of products produced in an hour is also higher in newer machinery. We adopted a fuzzy weighted additive approach to solve the bi-objective optimization model. The results confirm that investing in newer technologies in manufacturing comes with great result for both economic and environmental causes, reducing the unit cost and carbon emission per product throughout the manufacturing periods.

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