Preparation And Characterization Of Novel Iron (III) Hydroxide/Paper Mill Sludge Composite Adsorbent For Chromium Removal

This work deals with the removal of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) from synthetic solutions via a novel composite adsorbent prepared by precipitating iron (III) hydroxide on paper mill sludge (PMS). To obtain Fe(OH)3 loaded PMS, -8+16 mesh fraction of PMS was saponified with NaOH solution, then iron (III) chloride was impregnated, hydrolyzed in NaOH solution and dried. The influences of pH, time, initial concentration and temperature on removal of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were examined and it was determined that Cr (VI) removal occurs simultaneously with a reduction reaction. Maximum removal yields for Cr (III) and Cr (VI) occurred at approximately pH = 5 and the adsorption achieved equilibrium in 90 min. Cr (VI) adsorption ratio decreases while Cr (III) removal percentage increases with raising in temperature. Experimental results are consistent with Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption capacities of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were calculated as 8.49, 10.14, 12.62 mg/g and 7.64, 5.39 and 4.17 mg/g for 25, 40 and 55 °C, respectively. Enthalpy changes for Cr (III) and Cr (VI) were calculated as 24.67 kJ/mol and - 12.46 kJ/mol, respectively. These results demonstrated that the adsorption phenomenon of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) are endothermic and exothermic.

PDF

___

[1] U. Förstner and G. T. W. Wittmann, Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.

[2] M. Sittig, “Pollutant removal handbook,” 1973.

[3] W. W. Eckenfelder, Industrial water pollution control. McGraw-Hill, 1989.

[4] M. Ahmaruzzaman, “Industrial wastes as lowcost potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater laden with heavy metals,” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 166, no. 1–2, pp. 36– 59, 2011.

[5] M. C. Monte, E. Fuente, A. Blanco, and C. Negro, “Waste management from pulp and paper production in the European Union,” Waste Manag., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 293–308, 2009.

[6] D. Gavrilescu, “Energy from biomass in pulp and paper mills.,” Environ. Eng. Manag. J., vol. 7, no. 5, 2008.

[7] A. Yaras and H. Arslanoğlu, “Valorization of Paper Mill Sludge as Adsorbent in Adsorption Process of Copper (II) Ion from Synthetic Solution: Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Studies,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng.,vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 2393–2402, 2018.

[8] Y. Kalpaklı, Ş. Toygun, G. Köneçoğlu, and M. Akgün, “Equilibrium and kinetic study on the adsorption of basic dye (BY28) onto raw Cabentonite,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 52, no. 37–39, pp. 7389–7399, 2014.

[9] C. I. A. Ferreira, V. Calisto, M. Otero, H. Nadais, and V. I. Esteves, “Removal of tricaine methanesulfonate from aquaculture wastewater by adsorption onto pyrolysed paper mill sludge,” Chemosphere, vol. 168, pp. 139–146, 2017.

[10] M. Erdem, H. S. Altundogan, A. Özer, and F. Tümen, “Cr (VI) reduction in aqueous solutions by using synthetic iron sulphide,” Environ. Technol., vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1213–1222, 2001.

[11] T. Aoki and M. Munemori, “Recovery of chromium (VI) from wastewaters with iron (III) hydroxide—I: adsorption mechanism of chromium (VI) on iron (III) hydroxide,” Water Res., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 793–796, 1982.

[12] V. M. Dronnet, M. A. V Axelos, C. Renard, and J.-F. Thibault, “Improvement of the binding capacity of metal cations by sugar-beet pulp. 1. Impact of cross-linking treatments on composition, hydration and binding properties,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 35, no. 1–2, pp. 29–37, 1998.

[13] M. R. Unnithan and T. S. Anirudhan, “The kinetics and thermodynamics of sorption of chromium (VI) onto the iron (III) complex of a carboxylated polyacrylamide-grafted sawdust,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2693– 2701, 2001.

[14] G. Cimino, A. Passerini, and G. Toscano, “Removal of toxic cations and Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by hazelnut shell,” Water Res., vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2955–2962, 2000.

[15] S. Lagergren, “Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloster stoffe,” K. Sven. vetenskapsakademiens. Handl., vol. 24, pp. 1- 39, 1898.

[16] G. Sposito, “Soil particle surface,” The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press: New York, pp. 136–141, 1989.

[17] S. Ghorbani-Khosrowshahi and M. A. Behnajady, “Chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by prepared biochar from Onopordom Heteracanthom,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1803–1814, 2016.

[18] M. Mirabedini, M. Z. Kassaee, and S. Poorsadeghi, “Novel magnetic chitosan hydrogel film, cross-linked with glyoxal as an efficient adsorbent for removal of toxic Cr (VI) from water,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 115–124, 2017.

[19] W. Wang et al., “Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution with bamboo charcoal chemically modified by iron and cobalt with the assistance of microwave,” J. Environ. Sci., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1726–1735, 2013.

[20] T. Altun and Y. Kar, “Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by pyrolytic charcoals,” New Carbon Mater., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 501–509, 2016.

[21] E. Rosales, J. Meijide, T. Tavares, M. Pazos, and M. A. Sanromán, “Grapefruit peelings as a promising biosorbent for the removal of leather dyes and hexavalent chromium,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot., vol. 101, pp. 61–71, 2016.

[22] R. Kumar, M. Ehsan, and M. A. Barakat, “Synthesis and characterization of carbon/AlOOH composite for adsorption of chromium (VI) from synthetic wastewater,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 4202–4206, 2014.

[23] M. Jain, V. K. Garg, and K. Kadirvelu, “Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous medium onto carbonaceous adsorbents prepared from waste biomass,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 949–957, 2010.

[24] D. Song et al., “Adsorptive removal of toxic chromium from waste-Water using wheat straw and Eupatorium adenophorum,” PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 12, p. e0167037, 2016.

[25] G. Huang, J. X. Shi, and T. A. G. Langrish, “Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using activated carbon modified with nitric acid,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 152, no. 2–3, pp. 434– 439, 2009.

[26] S. Babel and T. A. Kurniawan, “Cr (VI) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan,” Chemosphere, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 951–967, 2004.

[27] K. Mohanty, M. Jha, B. C. Meikap, and M. N. Biswas, “Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride,” Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 3049–3059, 2005.

[28] Z. A. Al-Othman, R. Ali, and M. Naushad, “Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous medium by activated carbon prepared from peanut shell: adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 184, pp. 238–247, 2012.

[29] G. J. Alaerts, V. Jitjaturunt, and P. Kelderman, “Use of coconut shell-based activated carbon for chromium (VI) removal,” Water Sci. Technol., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1701–1704, 1989.