Mutlu Tarık ÇAKIR, Ümit YILMAZ, Oktay KAYA

Investigation of Ricochet Angles for 5 mm Various Metal Plates with AP 7.62 Bullets

In this study, the effect of a high-speed AP 7.62 bullet on Ti6Al4V, AISI 4340, Inconel-718, AlSi10Mg and Al 6061 - T6 materials at different impact angles were investigated by using the finite element package software LS-DYNA 971. AISI 4340 was taken as the bullet material and 850 m/s as a speed for high-speed ballistic investigation. Angle of the obliquity of the bullet against the plates has been taken in the range of 0-80º. Simulations were carried out at 5 degrees increments. It has been investigated that at what angle the bullet touches the materials, the bullet will ricochet. Also, deformations on plates have been examined. The results showed a good correlation with the literature. The lowest ricochet angle has been obtained in Inconel-718 as 20 º followed by AISI 4340 as 25º, Ti6Al4V as 55º, Al 6061 - T6 as 75º and lastly AlSi10Mg as 80 º.

PDF

___

[1] M. Hakan, R. Güneş and M.K. Apalak, "Alüminyum Plakaların Balistik Performansının Araştırılması,", XIX. Ulusal Mekanik Kongresi, Trabzon, pp. 525-535, 2015.
[2] İ. Özer, M.G. Atahan and A. Yapıcı, "Balistik Çarpma Etkisinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi," Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 21-30, 2013.
[3] M. Iqbal and N. Gupta, "Ballistic limit of single and layered aluminium plates," Strain, vol. 47, pp. e205-e219, 2011.
[4] M. Iqbal, G. Gupta and N. Gupta, "3D numerical simulations of ductile targets subjected to oblique impact by sharp nosed projectiles," International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 224-237, 2010.
[5] A. Piekutowski, et al., "Perforation of aluminum plates with ogive-nose steel rods at normal and oblique impacts," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 18, no. 7-8, pp. 877-887, 1996.
[6] N. Gupta, M. Iqbal and G. Sekhon, "Experimental and numerical studies on the behavior of thin aluminum plates subjected to impact by blunt-and hemispherical-nosed projectiles," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1921-1944, 2006.
[7] Z. Mohammad, P.K. Gupta, and A. Baqi, "Experimental and numerical investigations on the behavior of thin metallic plate targets subjected to ballistic impact," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 146, p. 103717, 2020.
[8] G. Corbett, S. Reid and W. Johnson, "Impact loading of plates and shells by free-flying projectiles: a review," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 141-230, 1996.
[9] M.K. Bhuarya, M.S. Rajput and A. Gupta, "Finite element simulation of impact on metal plate," Procedia Eng, vol. 173, pp. 259-263, 2017.
[10] T. Børvik, et al., "Normal and oblique impact of small arms bullets on AA6082-T4 aluminium protective plates," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 577-589, 2011.
[11] J. Radin and W. Goldsmith, "Normal projectile penetration and perforation of layered targets," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 229-259, 1988.
[12] N. Gupta, M. Iqbal and G. Sekhon, "Effect of projectile nose shape, impact velocity and target thickness on deformation behavior of aluminum plates," International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 3411-3439, 2007.
[13] D. Zhou and W. Stronge, "Ballistic limit for oblique impact of thin sandwich panels and spaced plates," International journal of impact engineering, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1339-1354, 2008.
[14] M. Kristoffersen, et al., "On the ballistic perforation resistance of additive manufactured AlSi10Mg aluminium plates," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 137, p. 103476, 2020.
[15] R. Nirmal, B. Patnaik and R. Jayaganthan, "FEM Simulation of High Speed Impact Behaviour of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg Alloy," Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Materials, vol. 7, pp. 469-489, 2021.
[16] I. ul Haq, et al., "Study of Various Conical Projectiles Penetration into Inconel-718 Target," Procedia Structural Integrity, vol. 13, pp. 1955-1960, 2018.
[17] M. Rodríguez-Millán, et al., "Experimental and numerical analysis of conical projectile impact on inconel 718 plates," Metals, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 638, 2019.
[18] B. Erice, M.J. Pérez-Martín and F. Gálvez, "An experimental and numerical study of ductile failure under quasi-static and impact loadings of Inconel 718 nickel-base superalloy," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 69, pp. 11-24, 2014.
[19] J.M. Pereira and B.A. Lerch, "Effects of heat treatment on the ballistic impact properties of Inconel 718 for jet engine fan containment applications," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 715-733, 2001.
[20] M. Iqbal, et al., "Oblique impact on single, layered and spaced mild steel targets by 7.62 AP projectiles," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 110, pp. 26-38, 2017.
[21] T. Børvik, O.S. Hopperstad and K.O. Pedersen, "Quasi-brittle fracture during structural impact of AA7075-T651 aluminium plates," International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 537-551, 2020.
[22] H. Hafizoglu, N. Durlu and H.E. Konokman, "Effects of sintering temperature and Ni/Fe ratio on ballistic performance of tungsten heavy alloy fragments," International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, vol. 81, pp. 155-166, 2019.
[23] LSTC, LS-DYNA, "Keyword User's Manual," vol. I, 2007.
[24] R. Scazzosi, M. Giglio and A. Manes, "Experimental and numerical investigation on the perforation resistance of double-layered metal shields under high-velocity impact of soft-core projectiles," Engineering Structures, vol. 228, p. 111467, 2021.
[25] L.E.Schwer and C. Windsor, "Aluminum plate perforation: a comparative case study using Lagrange with erosion, multi-material ALE, and smooth particle hydrodynamics," in 7th European LS-DYNA conference, 2009.
[26] A. Rashed, et al., "Investigation on high-velocity impact performance of multi-layered alumina ceramic armors with polymeric interlayers," Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 50, no. 25, pp. 3561-3576, 2016.
[27] S. Akram, et al., "Numerical and experimental investigation of Johnson–Cook material models for aluminum (Al 6061-T6) alloy using orthogonal machining approach," Advances in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1-14, 2018.
[28] K. Gregory, "Failure modeling of titanium 6Al-4V and aluminum 2024-T3 with the Johnson-cook material model," US William J. Hughes Technical Center, Washington, 9, 2003.
[29] S. Shasthri and V. Kausalyah, "Effect of ballistic impact on Ti6Al-4V titanium alloy and 1070 carbon steel bi-layer armour panel," International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 557-565, 2020.
[30] Y. Zhang, J. Outeiro and T. Mabrouki, "On the selection of Johnson-Cook constitutive model parameters for Ti-6Al-4 V using three types of numerical models of orthogonal cutting," Procedia Cirp, vol. 31, pp. 112-117, 2015.
[31] E. Segebade, et al., "Influence of anisotropy of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg parts on chip formation during orthogonal cutting," Procedia CIRP, vol. 82, pp. 113-118, 2019.
[32] Z. Hao, et al., "Study on constitutive model and deformation mechanism in high speed cutting Inconel718," Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 439-452, 2019.
[33] P.J. Hazell, "Armour: materials, theory, and design," CRC press., 2015.
[34] G. Tiwari, M.A. Iqbal and P.K. Gupta, "Impact Response of Thin Aluminium Plate with Varying Projectile Obliquity and Span Diameter," Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 93-102, 2020.