Şerif Ali SADIK, FIRAT ERTAÇ DURAK, Ahmet ALTUNCU

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Interrogation Using Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Source

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are ideal sensors for temperature, strain or vibration sensing applications with their advantages over conventional electronics sensor systems. In this paper, two different FBG sensor interrogation schemes based on broadband ASE source and tunable EDFRL source are demonstrated and compared. With both interrogator configurations, the response of the FBG sensor to temperature change is found to be linear and the sensitivities are measured as 11 pm/°C and 10.5 pm/°C, respectively. The experimental results have revealed that the optical power reflected from the FBG sensor is almost 20 dB higher with tunable EDFRL source than broadband ASE source. Thus, an interrogation method with tunable EDFRL can be suitable for remote, quasi-distributed sensor applications requiring high output power and OSNR.

PDF

___

[1] Z. Fu, D. Yang, W. Ye, J. Kong, and Y. Shen, “Widely tunable compact erbiumdoped fiber ring laser for fiber-optic sensing applications,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 392–396, 2009.

[2] W. W. Morey, G. Meltz, and W. H. Glenn, “Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors,” in Proceedings 1169, Fiber Optic and Laser Sensors VII, 1990, vol. 1169, pp. 1110– 1169.

[3] Y. Wang, J. Gong, B. Dong, D. Y. Wang, T. J. Shillig, and A. Wang, “A Large Serial Time-Division Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Network,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 30, no. 17. pp. 2751–2756, 2012.

[4] T. Vella et al., “Full-spectrum interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings at 100 kHz for detection of impact loading,” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 21, no. 9, p. 94009, 2010.

[5] H. Tsuda, “Fiber Bragg grating vibrationsensing system, insensitive to Bragg wavelength and employing fiber ring laser,” Opt. Lett., vol. 35, no. 14, pp. 2349– 2351, 2010.

[6] S. Sugavanam, A. A. Gbadebo, M. Kamalian-Kopae, and A. Majumdar, “A Compressed Sensing Approach to Fibre Bragg Interrogation,” in 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC), 2019, p. 1.

[7] Z. Luo, H. Wen, H. Guo, and M. Yang, “A time- and wavelength-division multiplexing sensor network with ultraweak fiber Bragg gratings.,” Opt. Express, vol. 21, no. 19, pp. 22799–22807, Sep. 2013.

[8] K. Yuksel and D. Pala, “Analytical investigation of a novel interrogation approach of fiber Bragg grating sensors using Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry,” Opt. Lasers Eng., vol. 81, pp. 119–124, Jun. 2016.

[9] T. A. Berkoff, M. A. Davis, D. G. Bellemore, A. D. Kersey, G. M. Williams, and M. A. Putnam, “Hybrid time- and wavelength-division multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensor array,” 1995, vol. 2444, pp. 2444–2447.

[10] C. Crunelle, M. Wuilpart, C. Caucheteur, and P. Mégret, “Original interrogation system for quasi-distributed FBG-based temperature sensor with fast demodulation technique,” Sensors Actuators A Phys., vol. 150, no. 2, pp. 192–198, Mar. 2009.

[11] D. J. Cooper, T. Coroy, and P. W. Smith, “Time-division multiplexing of large serial fiber-optic Bragg grating sensor arrays,” Appl. Opt., vol. 40, no. 16, p. 2643—2654, 2001.

[12] S. Werzinger, S. Bergdolt, R. Engelbrecht, T. Thiel, and B. Schmauss, “QuasiDistributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Using Stepped Incoherent Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry,” J. Light. Technol., vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 5270–5277, 2016.

[13] S. Kirpiksiz and M. Yücel, “Düzgün Olmayan Yapılarda Fiber Bragg Izgara Sensör Tasarımı ve Uygulaması,” J. Polytech., pp. 1–1, May 2020.

[14] M. Burunkaya and M. Yucel, “Measurement and Control of an Incubator Temperature by Using Conventional Methods and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Based Temperature Sensors,” J. Med. Syst., vol. 44, no. 10, p. 178, 2020.

[15] H. Y. Fu, H. L. Liu, W. H. Chung, and H. Y. Tam, “A Novel Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Configuration for Long-Distance Quasi-Distributed Measurement,” IEEE Sens. J., vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1598–1602, 2008.

[16] A. Hegyi, P. Kiesel, and A. Raghavan, “Time- and Wavelength-Multiplexed Wavelength Shift Detection for HighResolution, Low-Cost Distributed FiberOptic Sensing,” J. Light. Technol., vol. 35, no. 19, pp. 4234–4241, 2017.

[17] G. R. Kirikera, O. Balogun, and S. Krishnaswamy, “Adaptive Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Network for Structural Health Monitoring: Applications to Impact Monitoring,” Struct. Heal. Monit., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 5–16, Apr. 2010.

[18] Y. Dai, Y. Liu, J. Leng, G. Deng, and A. Asundi, “A novel time-division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator for structural health monitoring,” Opt. Lasers Eng., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1028–1033, 2009.

[19] H. K. Kim, W. Shin, and T. J. Ahn, “UV sensor based on photomechanically functional polymer-coated FBG,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 22, no. 19, pp. 1404–1406, 2010.

[20] L. Yan, Z. Wu, Z. Zhang, W. Pan, B. Luo, and P. Wang, “High-Speed FBG-Based Fiber Sensor Networks for Semidistributed Strain Measurements,” IEEE Photonics J., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 7200507, 2013.

[21] Y. Wang, J. Gong, D. Y. Wang, B. Dong, W. Bi, and A. Wang, “A quasi-distributed sensing network with time-divisionmultiplexed fiber bragg gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 70–72, 2011.

[22] T. Saitoh, K. Nakamura, Y. Takahashi, H. Iida, Y. Iki, and K. Miyagi, “Ultra-longdistance (230 km) FBG sensor system,” in 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, 2008, vol. 7004, p. 70046C.

[23] M. Fernandez-Vallejo, S. Rota-Rodrigo, and M. Lopez-Amo, “Remote (250 km) fiber Bragg grating multiplexing system,” Sensors, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 8711–8720, 2011.

[24] S. H. Yun, D. J. Richardson, and B. Y. Kim, “Interrogation of fiber grating sensor arrays with a wavelength-swept fiber laser,” Opt. Lett., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 843– 845, 1998.

[25] Y. Wang, Y. Cui, and B. Yun, “A fiber Bragg grating sensor system for simultaneously static and dynamic measurements with a wavelength-swept fiber laser,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 18, no. 14, pp. 1539–1541, 2006.

[26] S. A. Sadik, F. E. Durak, and A. Altuncu, “Spectral Characterization of an ErbiumDoped Fiber Ring Laser for Wideband Operation,” in 2018 Advances in Wireless and Optical Communications (RTUWO), 2018, pp. 130–133.

[27] S. A. Sadik, F. E. Durak, and A. Altuncu, “Widely tunable erbium doped fiber ring laser based on loop and double-pass EDFA design,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 124, Apr. 2020.

[28] A. Bellemare, “Continuous-wave silicabased erbium-doped fibre lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 211– 266, Jan. 2003.

[29] Y. Li, Y. Xie, and G. Yao, “Comparison of Peak Searching Algorithms for Wavelength Demodulation in Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors,” in 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science, 2010, pp. 1–4.

[30] M. Yücel and N. F. Öztürk, “FBG Algılama Sistemlerinde Gaussian Uyarlama Yöntemi ile Merkez Dalgaboyunun Belirlenmesi,” J. Polytech., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 63–68, Feb. 2020.

[31] R. M. Liu, D. K. Liang, and A. Asundi, “Small diameter fiber Bragg gratings and applications,” Measurement, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 3440–3448, 2013.