Determination of Mechanical Properties of Natural Sandwich Composites Produced by Using Waste Material

In the recent year, with the development of technology the acceleration of the manufacturing of new products has increased the use of raw materials in the industry. In addition to decreasing underground resources, increased environmental pollution has opened the way for the use of natural materials in the industry. Also, the reuse of materials, which were recycled by recovery methods, is both conservation and economical method in terms of raw material deficiency. In this study, mechanical properties of sandwich composites made of natural and recycled material were investigated. In this context, core material with different thicknesses (4 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm) were produced using different size granules (1 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm), which were recycled from the used vehicle tire. Sandwich composite materials have become final with the combination of core materials with natural jute fabric reinforced laminated composites. In order to test the usability of the produced sandwich composite materials as building material, the mechanical behaviours of the sandwich composite were investigated under tension and compression load. Test results show that mechanical behaviour of the material varies according to the granular size, thickness of the core material, and fiber orientation of reinforcement fabric.

PDF

___

C. Elanchezhian, B. V. Ramnath, G. Ramakrishnan, M. Rajendrakumar, V. Naveenkumar, and M. K. Saravanakumar, “Review on mechanical properties of natural fiber composites.” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1785–1790, 2018.

M. Rajesh and T. Kanish, “Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Sandwich Composite: Effect of Core Layer,” Mech. Mater. Sci. Eng. MMSE J. Open Access, vol. 9, pp. 1–5, 2017.

M. Karahan, H. Gul, N. Karahan, and J. Ivens, “Static behavior of three-dimensional ıntegrated core sandwich composites subjected to three-point bending,” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 664–678, May 2013.

H. E. Balcıoğlu, “Flexural Behavıors Of Sandwıch Composıtes Produced Usıng Recycled And Natural Materıal,” Mugla J. Sci. Technol., pp. 64–73, Jun. 2018.

B. Wang, L. Wu, X. Jin, S. Du, Y. Sun, and L. Ma, “Experimental investigation of 3D sandwich structure with core reinforced by composite columns,” Mater. Des., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 158–165, Jan. 2010.

Y. C. Shiah, L. Tseng, J. C. Hsu, and J. H. Huang, “Experimental Characterization of an Integrated Sandwich Composite Using 3D Woven Fabrics as the Core Material,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 229–243, May 2004.

L. J. Lee, K. Y. Huang, and Y. J. Fann, “Dynamic Responses of Composite Sandwich Plate Impacted by a Rigid Ball*,” J. Compos. Mater., vol. 27, no. 13, pp. 1238–1256, Dec. 1993.

A. W. Van Vuure, J. A. Ivens, and I. Verpoest, “Mechanical properties of composite panels based on woven sandwich-fabric preforms,” Compos. Part Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 671–680, 2000.

S. . Joshi, L. Drzal, A. . Mohanty, and S. Arora, “Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites?,” Compos. Part Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 371–376, Mar. 2004.

R. D. S. G. Campilho, D. C. Moura, D. J. S. Gonçalves, J. F. M. G. da Silva, M. D. Banea, and L. F. M. da Silva, “Fracture toughness determination of adhesive and co-cured joints in natural fibre composites,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 50, pp. 120–126, Jul. 2013.

Z. Salleh, Y. M. Taib, K. M. Hyie, M. Mihat, M. N. Berhan, and M. A. A. Ghani, “Fracture Toughness Investigation on Long Kenaf/Woven Glass Hybrid Composite Due To Water Absorption Effect,” Procedia Eng., vol. 41, pp. 1667–1673, 2012.

K. J. Wong, S. Zahi, K. O. Low, and C. C. Lim, “Fracture characterisation of short bamboo fibre reinforced polyester composites,” Mater. Des., vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 4147–4154, Oct. 2010.

X. Y. Liu and G. C. Dai, “Surface modification and micromechanical properties of jute fiber mat reinforced polypropylene composites,” Express Polym. Lett., vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 299–307, 2007.

A. V. Rajulu et al., “Mechanical Properties of Short, Natural Fiber Hildegardia populifolia-reinforced Styrenated Polyester Composites,” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 423–428, Mar. 2005.

S. N. Monteiro, L. A. H. Terrones, and J. R. M. D’Almeida, “Mechanical performance of coir fiber/polyester composites,” Polym. Test., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 591–595, Aug. 2008.

M. Jawaid, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, A. Hassan, R. Dungani, and A. Hadiyane, “Effect of jute fibre loading on tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of oil palm epoxy composites,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 619–624, Feb. 2013.

F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò, C. Sergi, M. C. Seghini, L. Cozzarini, and N. Graupner, “Effect of basalt fibre hybridisation and sizing removal on mechanical and thermal properties of hemp fibre reinforced HDPE composites,” Compos. Struct., vol. 188, pp. 394–406, Mar. 2018.

N. Lu and S. Oza, “A comparative study of the mechanical properties of hemp fiber with virgin and recycled high density polyethylene matrix,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1651–1656, Feb. 2013.

A. A. Gheni, H. H. Alghazali, M. A. ElGawady, J. J. Myers, and D. Feys, “Durability properties of cleaner cement mortar with by-products of tire recycling,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 213, pp. 1135–1146, Mar. 2019.

A. R. Pasandín and I. Pérez, “Fatigue performance of bituminous mixtures made with recycled concrete aggregates and waste tire rubber,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 157, pp. 26–33, Dec. 2017.

G. Gill and R. K. Mittal, “Use of waste tire-chips in shallow footings subjected to eccentric loading-an experimental study,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 199, pp. 335–348, Feb. 2019.

D. Czajczyńska, R. Krzyżyńska, H. Jouhara, and N. Spencer, “Use of pyrolytic gas from waste tire as a fuel: A review,” Energy, vol. 134, pp. 1121–1131, Sep. 2017.